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. 2014 Oct 8;8:1765–1780. doi: 10.2147/DDDT.S67980

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© 2014 Kamarudin et al. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License

The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

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Western blot analysis of R-LA on Bax, Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, procaspase-3, and cleaved caspase-3 expression in NG108-15 cells.

Notes: The apoptotic protein and caspase expression was validated by pretreatment of API-2 (10 μM) or Wortmannin (0.5 nM) for 1 hour prior to R-LA and H₂O₂ exposure. (A) Western blotting: lane 1, DMEM control; lane 2, H₂O₂ (400 μM); lane 3, R-LA + H₂O₂ + API-2 (10 μM); lane 4, R-LA + H₂O₂ (400 μM). (B) Pretreatment with R-LA reduced Bax/Bcl-2 ratio. (C) Pretreatment with R-LA attenuated Bax/Bcl-xL ratio. (D) Bar chart represents procaspase-3 expression and cleaved caspase-3 following pretreatment with R-LA. β-actin was used as housekeeping protein. Values are means ± standard error (n=4). *P<0.05 versus H₂O₂, ^#P<0.05 versus API-2, significantly different as shown.

Abbreviations: DMEM, Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium; LA, alpha-lipoic acid; R-LA, (R)-(+)-alpha-lipoic acid.