Table 2.
Statistically significant associations between current smoking status and circulating inflammation markers
| Marker | Never | Former | Current | P* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (n = 548; weighted N = 27219) | (n = 857; weighted N = 25381) | (n = 414; weighted N = 5664) | ||
| OR (95% CI) | OR (95% CI) | |||
| Acute phase protein | ||||
| CRP | 1.0 | 1.29 (0.72 to 2.31) | 2.54 1.29 to 4.98 | .007 |
| Chemokines | ||||
| CCL17/TARC | 1.0 | 1.14 (0.72 to 1.79) | 4.08 (2.01 to 8.25) | <.001 |
| CCL11/EOTAXIN | 1.0 | 1.34 (0.90 to 2.01) | 2.57 (1.45 to 4.55) | .001 |
| Cytokines | ||||
| IL-15† | 1.0 | 0.78 (0.47 to 1.28) | 0.27 (0.13 to 0.59) | <.001 |
| IL-1RA† | 1.0 | 0.57 (0.36 to 0.89) | 0.29 (0.14 to 0.61) | .001 |
| IL-1Β | 1.0 | 0.76 (0.49 to 1.18) | 0.37 (0.19 to 0.74) | .005 |
| IL-16 | 1.0 | 0.53 (0.34 to 0.83) | 0.31 (0.17 to 0.55) | <.001 |
| SCF | 1.0 | 0.62 (0.38 to 0.99) | 0.37 (0.21 to 0.66) | <.001 |
| Soluble receptors | ||||
| sIL-6R | 1.0 | 0.53 (0.36 to 0.79) | 0.43 (0.24 to 0.77) | .005 |
| sVEGFR3 | 1.0 | 0.74 (0.50 to 1.10) | 0.44 (0.25 to 0.76) | .003 |
* Estimated with weighted logistic regression. All models adjusted for age, sex, history of chronic bronchitis or emphysema, history of coronary heart disease or heart attack, body mass index, case-control study of origin, and year of serum collection. P value comparing odds of above median marker level in current vs never smokers was estimated with a two-sided Wald Test. CCL = C-C motif ligand; TARC = thymus and activation regulated chemokine; CI = confidence interval; CRP = C-reactive protein; IL = interleukin; OR = odds ratio; SCF = stem cell factor; sIL-6R = soluble interleukin 6 receptor; sVEGFR3 = soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 3.
† Categorized as detectable/undetectable.