Table 2.
Correlations between first puncture success and categorical variables
| Variable | First puncture success, n (%)
|
X2, P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | ||
| Ward | |||
| Orthopedics | 137 (69.9) | 59 (30.1) | 6.44, 0.367 |
| Traumatology | 27 (67.5) | 13 (32.5) | |
| Vascular surgery | 5 (55.6) | 4 (44.4) | |
| Abdominal surgery | 26 (76.5) | 8 (23.5) | |
| Urology | 1 (58.3) | 10 (41.7) | |
| Gynecology | 10 (83.3) | 2 (16.7) | |
| Neurosurgery | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | |
| Gender | |||
| Male | 126 (69.2) | 56 (30.8) | 0.001, 0.974 |
| Female | 93 (69.4) | 41 (30.6) | |
| Body type | |||
| Normal | 27 (75.0) | 9 (25.0) | 5.04, 0.168 |
| Thin | 113 (73.9) | 40 (26.1) | |
| Muscular | 18 (62.1) | 11 (37.9) | |
| Obese | 61 (62.2) | 37 (37.8) | |
| Anesthesia | |||
| Spinal | 217 (69.1) | 97 (30.9) | 0.891, 0.345 |
| Epidural | 2 (100.0) | 0 (0.0) | |
| Provider | |||
| Resident <2 years | 32 (88.9) | 4 (11.1) | 9.44, 0.024* |
| Resident ≥2 years | 17 (68.0) | 8 (32.0) | |
| Specialist <5 years | 122 (64.2) | 68 (35.8) | |
| Specialist ≥5 years | 48 (73.8) | 17 (26.2) | |
| Needle | |||
| 22 gauge | 29 (51.8) | 27 (48.2) | 19.78, 0.000* |
| 25 gauge | 101 (65.6) | 53 (34.4) | |
| 27 gauge | 89 (84.0) | 17 (16.0) | |
| Patient position | |||
| Sitting | 202 (73.2) | 74 (26.8) | 15.46, 0.000* |
| Lying | 17 (42.5) | 23 (57.5) | |
| Spine deformity | |||
| No deformity | 188 (77.4) | 55 (22.6) | 32.14, 0.000* |
| Present deformity | 31 (42.5) | 42 (57.5) | |
| Kyphosis | |||
| Yes | 179 (56.65) | 110 (34.81) | 3.881, 0.0488* |
| No | 12 (3.8) | 16 (5.06) | |
| Scoliosis | |||
| Yes | 166 (52.53) | 104 (32.91) | 5.261, 0.0218* |
| No | 20 (6.33) | 26 (8.23) | |
| Palpability of spinous process | |||
| Easily palpable | 137 (81.5) | 31 (18.5) | 27.40, 0.000* |
| Poorly palpable | 64 (58.7) | 45 (41.3) | |
| Nonpalpable | 18 (46.2) | 21 (53.8) | |
| Approach | |||
| Median | 219 (71.3) | 88 (28.7) | 20.19, 0.000* |
| Paramedian | 0 (0.0) | 9 (100.0) | |
Note:
*
P<0.05.