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. 2014 Aug 6;34(32):10475–10487. doi: 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1793-14.2014

Figure 5.

Figure 5.

Increased proliferation of cortical progenitor cells in Afadin-cKO mice. A, Quantification (mean ± SEM) of the number of RGCs (Pax6+ cells) in control and Afadin-cKO mice at E13.5. *p < 0.0001 by Student's t test. B, Quantification (mean ± SEM) of the number of intermediate progenitor cells (Tbr2+ cells) in control and Afadin-cKO mice at E13.5. *p < 0.0005 by Student's t test. C, Quantification (mean ± SEM) of the number of proliferating cells (Ki67+ cells) in control and Afadin-cKO mice at E13.5. *p < 0.0005 by Student's t test. D, E, The deletion of afadin causes a decrease in cell cycle exit. D, Coronal sections of control and Afadin-cKO brains at E13.5 showing the neocortex immunostained with BrdU (green) and Ki67 (red). Nuclei stained with DAPI are shown in blue. Pregnant females were injected with BrdU 24 h before the animals were euthanized. Cells reentering the cell cycle are BrdU+Ki67+, whereas cells withdrawn from the cell cycle are BrdU+Ki67−. Scale bar, 50 μm. E, Quantification (mean ± SEM) of the data in D. *p < 0.0001 by Student's t test. F, G, Cell cycle length is decreased in progenitors from Afadin-cKO mice at E13.5. F, Coronal sections of control and Afadin-cKO brains at E13.5 showing the neocortex immunostained with BrdU (green) and Ki67 (red). Nuclei stained with DAPI are shown in blue. The percentage of Ki67+ progenitors labeled with BrdU after a 30 min pulse was calculated for controls and Afadin-cKO mice. Scale bar, 50 μm. G, Quantification (mean ± SEM) of the data in F. *p < 0.03 by Student's t test. H, I, The number of mitotic cells is increased in Afadin-cKO mice. H, Coronal section of control and Afadin-cKO brains at E13.5 brains showing the neocortex immunostained with pH3 (green) and Ki67 (red). Nuclei stained with DAPI are shown in blue. The percentage of the mitotic cells, immunostained with pH3, among the total number of dividing cells, immunostained with Ki67, was determined in controls and Afadin-cKO mice. Scale bar, 50 μm. I, Quantification (mean ± SEM) of the data in H. *p < 0.01 by Student's t test. Abbreviations as in Figure 3.