. 2014 Oct 15;22:27. doi: 10.1186/s12998-014-0027-6

Table 3.

Summary of results from four articles reporting on five studies on puberty and back pain

	Jansens[33]	Jansens[33]	Wedderkopp	LeResche			Hulsegge
	Netherland	USA	[35]	[34]			[32]
Prevalence estimates of back pain
(Puberty stage: Number or percentage of children with BP/Number of individuals)			Stage 1 : 52/179
	? : 15%/992 girls	? : 30.5%/1069 girls	Stage 2 : 22/68	Puberty stage <2 : ?/155			? : 3.2%/1313 girls
			Stage3 : 8/16	Puberty stage 2 to 3 : ?/?
	? : 11.1%/1004 boys	? : 22.1%/1018 boys	Stage 4 : 40/76	Puberty stage > 3: ?/594			? : 2.1%/1325 boys
			Stage 5 : 38/74
OR obtained by logistic regression (Dependent variable : back pain/independent variable: puberty stage)	Unadjusted OR = 1.34 * (95% CI 1.13-1.57)	Unadjusted OR = 1.61* (95% CI 1.30-1.99)	Unadjusted values: Not provided	Boys: Unadjusted OR = 1.9* (p < 0.0001)			Unadjusted values: Not provided
	Adjusted OR = 1.24 * (95% CI 1.04-1.46) ^a	Adjusted OR = 1.52* (95% CI 1.22-1.89)^a	Adjusted OR = 1.2* (95% CI 1.2-1.4)^b	Girls: Unadjusted OR OR = 2.0* (p < 0.0001)			Both: Adjusted OR = 1.23 (95% CI 0.77-1.96) ^c
				Adjusted values not provided, however association said to have remained when controlling on age and parental education			Boys: Adjusted OR = 2.86 * (95% CI 1.14-7.15) ^c
							Girls: Adjusted OR = 1.09 (95% CI 0.65-1.84)^c
Assumption of linearity fulfilled for logistic regression	Yes	Yes	Yes	Yes			Not reported
	For both sexes:	For both sexes:	For girls only:	For girls and boys:			For boys only:
	Unadjusted values:	Unadjusted values:	Unadjusted values:	Unadjusted values:			Unadjusted values :
Dose-response (Odds ratios by puberty stage)	Puberty stage 1 (Index)	Puberty stage 1 (Index)	Puberty stage 1 (Index)
Dose-response (Odds ratios by puberty stage)	Puberty stage 2 OR = 1.34 ^#	Puberty stage 2 OR = 1.61^#	Puberty stage 2 OR = 1.1 (95%CI0.6-2.0)	Puberty stage	girls	boys
	Puberty stage 3 OR = 1.79 ^#	Puberty stage 3 OR = 2.59^#	Puberty stage 3 OR = 2.3 (95%CI0.8-6.5)	1	(Index)	(index)	not provided
	Puberty stage 4 OR = 2.4^#	Puberty stage 4 OR = 4.17^#	Puberty stage 4 OR = 2.6 (95%CI1.5-4.7)	2	OR = 2^#	OR = 1.9^#
	Adjusted values^a:	Adjusted values^a:	Puberty stage 5 OR = 2.4 (95%CI1.4-4.3)	3	OR = 4^#	OR = 3.61^#
				4	OR = 7.99^#	OR = 6.86^#
	Puberty stage 1 (Index)	Puberty stage 1 (Index)	Adjusted values^b:	Adjusted values:			Adjusted values^c
	Puberty stage 2 OR = 1.24 ^#	Puberty stage 2 OR = 1.52 ^#	Puberty stage 1 (Index)	not provided			Puberty stage 1 (Index)
	Puberty stage 3 OR = 1.54 ^#	Puberty stage 3 OR = 2.3 ^#	Puberty stage 2 OR = 1.1 (95%CI 0.7-2.0)				Puberty Stage 2 OR = 2.86^#
	Puberty stage 4 OR = 1.9 ^#	Puberty stage 4 OR = 3.5 ^#	Puberty stage 3 OR = 1.6 (95%CI 0.5-4.6)				Puberty Stage 3 OR = 8.18^#
	Puberty stage 4 OR = 1.9 ^#	Puberty stage 4 OR = 3.5 ^#	Puberty stage 4 OR = 2.0 (95%CI 1.3-3.5)*				Puberty Stage 4 OR = 23.4^#
			Puberty stage 5 OR = 2.1 (95%CI 1.1-4.1)*
Strength of association based on index versus last stage of puberty	Puberty stage 4	Puberty stage 4	Puberty stage 5	Puberty stage 4			Puberty stage 4
	Unadjusted OR = 2.4^#	Unadjusted OR = 4.17^#	Unadjusted OR = 2.4 (95%CI 1.4-4.3)	Unadjusted OR = 7.99^# for girls
	Adjusted OR = 1.9 ^{# a}	Adjusted OR = 3.5 ^#	Adjusted OR = 2.1 (95%CI 1.1-4.1)* ^b	Unadjusted OR = 6.86^# for boys			Adjusted OR = 23.4^{# c}
Temporality tested	Positive association noted between puberty stage at baseline and BP at follow-up after adjustment for back pain at baseline	Positive association noted between puberty stage at baseline and BP at follow-up after adjustment for back pain at baseline	NA	NA			NA

OR = Odds ratio.

BP = Back pain.

CI = confidence interval.

* statistically significant.

^# estimations of odds ratio (comparison of each stages compared to the index value) calculated from logistic regression provided in article.

& ORs not calculated for girls and both sexes together because not significant.

(a) adjusted for sex and back pain.

(b) adjusted for overweight and smoking/stratified by age.