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. 2014 Oct 12;45(1):105. doi: 10.1186/s13567-014-0105-8

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© Berghuis et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Effect of stimulation with single agonists compared to combined agonists. Cultured bovine tracheal epithelial cells were stimulated for 16 h in triplicate with various combinations of 1 μg/mL Pam3CSK4, 316 ng/mL IL-17A, or 0.1 μg/mL LPS. Tracheal antimicrobial peptide gene expression was measured as above. The effects of combined agonists were greater than that of interleukin-17A (IL-17A) alone, but minimally or not different than that of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) or Pam3CSK4 alone. The data shown (panels A, B and C) represent 3 studies conducted on different days using cells from different calves.