Table 1.

Demographic and ecological characteristics of the 69 districts in Kenya

	Districts with no documented cholera cases (n = 21)	Districts with documented cholera cases (n = 48)	P-value
Population density (median, IQR)	229.7 (134.7 – 395.5)	187.4 (36.2 – 430)	0.403*
			0.299**
0–50	3 (14.3%)	16 (33.3%)
51–200	5 (23.8%)	9 (18.8%)
201–500	10 (47.6%)	14 (29.2%)
501–1000	3 (14.3%)	6 (12.5%)
1000+	0 (0%)	3 (6.3%)
No schooling,% (median, IQR)	8 (6.7 – 11.8)	11.5 (8.7 – 25.1)	0.011*
			0.052**
0–15%	18 (85.7%)	29 (60.4%)
16–30%	3 (14.3%)	9 (18.8%)
31–100%	0 (0%)	10 (20.8%)
Poverty,% (median, IQR)	45.3 (30.8 – 50.3)	51.8 (42.7 – 68.7)	0.003*
			0.003**
0–33%	9 (42.9%)	5 (10.4%)
34–66%	11 (52.4%)	30 (62.5%)
67–100%	1 (4.8%)	13 (27.1%)
Unsafe sanitary facilities,% (median, IQR)	3 (0.5 – 12)	32.5 (5.4 – 52.8)	0.001*
			0.016**
0–20%	18 (85.7%)	22 (45.8%)
21–40%	2 (9.5%)	9 (18.8%)
41–60%	1 (4.8%)	8 (16.7%)
61–100%	0 (0%)	9 (18.8%)
No piped water,% (median, IQR)	71.9 (59.9 – 84)	86 (72.9 – 93.8)	0.083*
			0.038**
0–50%	2 (9.5%)	4 (8.3%)
51–75%	10 (47.6%)	9 (18.8%)
76–100%	9 (42.9%)	35 (72.9%)
No health facility within 5 km,% (median, IQR)	43.5 (32.2 – 51.8)	61.4 (45.5 – 78)	0.013*
			0.07**
0–25%	3 (14.3%)	6 (12.5%)
26–50%	11 (52.4%)	11 (22.9%)
51–75%	5 (23.8%)	17 (35.4%)
76–100%	2 (9.5%)	14 (29.2%)
Muslim% (median, IQR)	0 (0 – 0.9)	0.6 (0 – 15.1)	0.044*
			0.107**
0%	15 (71.4%)	23 (47.9%)
1–10%	5 (23.8%)	11 (22.9%)
11–20%	1 (4.8%)	4 (8.3%)
21–100%	0 (0%)	10 (20.8%)
Large body of water			0.003**
No	21 (100%)	30 (62.5%)
Ocean	0 (0%)	6 (12.5%)
Fresh	0 (0%)	12(25%)

Bolded values represents significant statistical difference (p<0.05). *Wilcoxon Rank-Sum test **Chi-Square test.