FIGURE 3.

Id1 deficiency protects the mice from HDF-induced glucose intolerance. A, glucose tolerance tests of male mice maintained on a chow or HFD for 8 weeks. ***, p < 0.001; **, p < 0.01; *, p < 0.05. B, serum insulin levels. Serum was collected from mice fasted for 16 h. The graph shows the average levels of five individual animals of each genotype. Statistical value from a Student's t test is as indicated. C, TNFα mRNA levels. Total RNA was isolated from epididymal fat of male mice fed a chow or HFD for 16 weeks. Levels of transcripts were normalized against that of β-actin by calculating ΔCT. Expression levels relative to that of WT on chow were determined by using the ΔΔCT formula.