Fig. 1.

Pulmonary pressures and vascular remodeling in pigs with pulmonary hypertension (PH) and adaptive versus maladaptive right ventricular (RV) remodeling. In comparison with pigs that had PH, adaptive RV remodeling, and no failure (PH-NF), pigs with PH, maladaptive RV remodeling, and failure (PH-HF) had a higher mean pulmonary arterial (PA) pressure (mPAP; A) and pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) index (B). C: inverse curvilinear relationship between PA capacitance (pulsatile component) and PVR index (steady component) of RV afterload shows the transition from RV adaptive to maladaptive remodeling in PH-NF (light gray triangles) and PH-HF (dark gray triangles) as compared with shams (light gray circles). Representative lung vascular morphometry (×20) showing pulmonary arteriole remodeling stained with Elastica Van Gieson staining for a sham-operated (D) and PH (E) pig. F: quantification of pulmonary arteriole medial thickness comparing sham (white), PH-NF (gray), and PH-HF (black) stratified by vessel diameter, P < 0.05 for sham vs. PH (*P < 0.05 vs. PH-NF). WU, wood units.