Table 1.

Baseline (i.e., pre-LBNP) thermal and hemodynamic values during thermoneutral, heat stress, and heat stress with volume infusion conditions

	Thermoneutral	Heat Stress	Heat Stress + Volume Infusion
Heart rate, beats/min	61 ± 11	90 ± 14*	98 ± 10‡
Mean blood pressure, mmHg	90 ± 8	79 ± 7*	80 ± 6*
Mean skin temperature, °C	34.9 ± 0.2	37.7 ± 0.4*	37.7 ± 0.3*
Core temperature, °C	36.6 ± 0.2	37.7 ± 0.4*	37.9 ± 0.4*
Central venous pressure, mmHg	5.8 ± 1.4	3.2 ± 2.1*	5.1 ± 2.5†

Values are expressed as means ± SD.

^*Different relative to thermoneutral condition (P < 0.05).

^†Significantly different relative to heat stress condition (P < 0.05).

^‡Significantly different relative to both thermoneutral and heat stress conditions (P < 0.05).