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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2014 Oct 17.
Published in final edited form as: Nat Med. 2011 May 15;17(6):732–737. doi: 10.1038/nm.2368

Figure 1. Malaria blood-stage infection protects against secondary Plasmodium liver infection.

Figure 1

Plasmodium load measurement after sporozoite infection of naive mice (Control) or mice previously infected with P. berghei ANKA (PbA), P. berghei NK65 (PbNK), P. chabaudi AS (Pcc) or P. yoelii 17X (Py). Grey lines and squares represent peripheral blood parasitaemia at the time of re-infection. (a) 40h after luciferase-expressing PbA infective mosquito bites of mice infected 6 days before with PbA infective mosquito bites. (b) 40h after luciferase-expressing PbA infective mosquito bites of mice infected 5 days before with 106 PbNK iRBCs. (c) as in (b) but 3 days later. (d) 40h after 5 × 104 PbA-GFP sporozoite infection of mice injected 5 days before with non-infected blood (NI), or 106 PbA, PbNK, Pcc or Py iRBCs. (e) Peripheral blood parasitaemia after 5 × 104 PbA-GFP sporozoite infection of mice infected 5 days before with 106 PNK65 iRBCs. (f) 40h after Py-GFP sporozoite infection of mice infected 5 days before with PNK65 iRBCs. (g) 40h after PbA-GFP sporozoite infection of mice infected 2–14 days before with PbNK iRBCs. (h) 40h after Pb A-GFP sporozoite infection of mice infected 3 days before with 103–7 PbNK iRBCs. (i) 40h after PbA-GFP sporozoite infection of mice infected 5 days before with PbNK iRBCs; with or without chloroquine treatment for 1 or 2 days before sporozoite injection (1CQ, 2CQ and ØCQ respectively). (j) 40h after PbA-GFP sporozoite infection of mice infected 6, 9, 13 or 24 days before with Pcc iRBCs. (*P <0.05; **P <0.01, Ttest). Results expressed as mean±s.d. of 3 independent infections (n≥5 mice per group).