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. 2014 Sep 18;15(9):16484–16499. doi: 10.3390/ijms150916484

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© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Occurrence of scoliosis in Kamei chickens. Unisex local bred Kamei chickens were pinealectomized (PINX) three days after hatching. X-ray taken thirteen days after the operation revealed a development of spinal curvature (encircled in red). At 34 days post-operatively, the chickens were sacrificed and autopsy was conducted to evaluate the incidence of scoliosis. All of the chickens in the PINX group demonstrated scoliosis (n = 7), while no scoliosis was detected in the sham-operated control group (n = 6).