Figure 5.

Differentiation potential of hAD-MSCs and fibroblasts following transfection using four independent techniques. Osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation of (A) hAD-MSCs and (B) fibroblasts post-transfection using the microporation, standard electroporation, cationic polymer, and classical calcium phosphate precipitation transfection techniques. After 21 days, osteogenic cultures were stained using alizarin red. Adipogenic cultures were analyzed for lipid accumulation after 14 days of differentiation using inverted microscopy. Thereafter they were fixed and stained for triglycerides with Oil-Red-O. After 21 days, chondrogenic cultures were stained for spheroid formation using Alcian blue. (Magnification: (A) adipogenic 400×, osteogenic 40× and chondrogenic 40×; (B) adipogenic 400×, osteogenic 100× and chondrogenic 100×).