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. 2014 Sep 11;15(9):16025–16042. doi: 10.3390/ijms150916025

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© 2014 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Effect of mangiferin on the chondrogenic differentiation of IL-1β-stimulated mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). (A) Histological analysis of mangiferin by alcian blue staining shows recovery of chondrogenic differentiation in IL-1β-stmulated MSCs treated with mangiferin. The bar graph shows the intensity of alcian blue staining; (B,C) Inhibitory effect of mangiferin on sulfated glycosaminoglycan (sGAG) and type II collagen degradation in IL-1β-stimulated MSCs. The release of sGAG (B) and type II collagen (C) were shown as the cumulative release into the culture medium, collected at day 7 and measured by colorimetric analysis. Results were from at least three separate experiments, and each bar represents the mean ± SEM. ^### p < 0.001 compared with control. * p < 0.05 and *** p < 0.001 compared with IL-1β.