Table 1.

Themes, Sub-categories and codes of initiation and continuation of smoking

Theme	Sub-category	Codes
Personal inefficacy	Inadequate information about smoking	Knowledge deficit about: nature of smoking, harms of smoking, consequences of smoking. Lack of experience: no prior experience about smoking, no smoking member in the family, Few smokers in the kin network.
	Low age	Experience of smoking in childhood. Beginning of smoking in adolescence.
	Curiosity about smoking	What is the taste of cigarettes? What will happen in my body when I smoke?
	Consideration of smoking not as a major problem	Smoking is a kind of fun, one puff was not a problem, we easily quit whenever we liked, smoker is a person that smoke least 100 stick, and therefore we aren’t formal smoker.
	Wrong beliefs about smoking	Usefulness of smoking, exaggeration about smoking harms, neutralizing the side effects of smoking, shallow breath for smoking, difficulty of cessation, the feeling of low worth of health.
	Making excuse	Ignoring of self smoking, Emphasizing their capabilities.
Family inefficacy	Poor family head authority	Low training, low supervision, low physical abilities, low mental abilities, low managerial abilities.
	Existence of stressors and crisis in the family	Feeling of loneliness, existence of conflicts and disputes in the family, history of parents separation and divorce, death of both parents or any of them, and existence of happy events like a childbirth.
	Lack of reaction	Ignoring the smoking behavior in the family, confirmed smoker behaviors.
	History of smoking in the family	Non-smokers parents, brothers’ smokers, sisters’ smokers.
Vulnerable social environment	Poverty	Parents’ illiteracy or low literacy, low economic, poor environment, shortage of recreational and sports facilities, shortage of cultural facilities.
	Social stressors	War, inflation, prices change, joblessness and missing a job.
	Magnification of smoking	Direct magnification: size, shape, color and design of cigarette pocket in shops. Smokers’ behaviors, smoking at forbidden places.  Indirect magnification: films in TV and cinemas.
	Network of cigarettes smoking	Neighborhood friends, neighborhood peers, school friends, school peers, sports friends, sport peers, Family  members included sisters, brothers and parents.
	Smoking as a norm	Smoking as a sign of:  growth, passing adolescence period, entering the society and socialization. smoking among physicians, nurses, health professionals, university teachers, teachers and policy makers.
	Convenience of access	Accessible from supermarkets, kiosks, shops, salesman crossroads. Accessible for children, adolescences, youth, adults and older people. Accessible for men and women.