The C5aRA, but not the C3aRA, prevents placental ischemia–induced endothelial dysfunction. Sham or RUPP animals were treated with Veh, C3aRA, or C5aRA from GD 14–18. Mesenteric arteries were isolated on GD 19 and precontracted with the thromboxane mimetic U46619, and relaxation to Ach (endothelial-dependent vasodilation) was assessed. Relaxation to Ach was reduced in RUPP Veh (n = 14) compared with Sham Veh (n = 10) animals. The C5aRA (n = 9), but not the C3aRA (n = 6), prevented the RUPP-induced change in Ach vasodilation. Values represent mean ± S.E. of fractional relaxation in precontracted arteries. *P < 0.05, RUPP versus Sham; #P < 0.05, RUPP Veh versus RUPP C3aRA or RUPP C5aRA. No difference was detected between the Sham Veh and Sham C5aRA groups.