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. 2014 May 27;23(21):2649–2660. doi: 10.1089/scd.2014.0013

FIG. 4.

FIG. 4.

Expression profiles for placental marker genes between E9.5 and E17.5 of gestation. Quantitative PCR was performed on cDNA generated from each 9 (E9.5 to E11.5) or 5 (E12.5 to E17.5) whole placentas. Bars show relative average expression levels (fold change) with SEM. The SPT markers Tpbpa (A) and Cx31 (B) show a strong down regulation in Cx31.1−/− placentas compared with wild-type controls. Ascl2/Mash2 is significantly reduced at E9.5 (C). The TGC markers Prl3b1/Pl-2 (F) and Ctsq (G) are significantly reduced in E9.5 or E10.5 placentas during the phase of embryonic loss. Interestingly, markers catch up until days E12.5 to E13.5. Gjb2/Cx26 (I) a marker for syncytiotrophoblast marker shows downregulation indicating a smaller labyrinth layer in the Cx31−/− placentas. Prl3d1/Pl-1 (D), Prl2c/Plf (E) and Cdkn1c /p57Kip2 (H) reveal a trend to upregulation from mid-gestation. Asterisks indicate statistically significant differences: *P≤0.05; **P≤0.01; ***P≤0.001. PCR, polymerase chain reaction.