Table 1.

MANCOVA results for cuticular hydrocarbon variation for adult male and female Drosophila mojavensis from 0 to 28 da of age reared on fermenting agria and organ pipe cactus

Source of variation	Wilk's λ	F1	P
Population	0.2664	17.41	<0.0001
Cactus	0.5793	4.59	<0.0001
Population × Cactus	0.7267	2.38	0.0002
Sex	0.7243	2.41	0.0002
Population × Sex	0.8480	1.13	0.298
Cactus × Sex	0.7857	1.72	0.014
Population × Cactus × Sex	0.8185	1.40	0.089
Age	0.2346	20.63	<0.0001
Age × Population	0.5497	5.18	<0.0001
Age × Cactus	0.6350	3.63	<0.0001
Age × Population × Cactus	0.6759	3.03	<0.0001
Age × Sex	0.6217	3.85	<0.0001
Age × Population × Sex	0.8053	1.53	0.045
Age × Cactus × Sex	0.8020	1.56	0.038
Age × Population × Cactus × Sex	0.7995	1.59	0.033

¹All df = 31,196.