Figure 1. Overcoming drug resistance by codelivery of Dox and PTX via cMLVs (D: Dox; T: PTX).

(A, B) In vitro cytotoxicity of cMLV(single drug) and cMLV(drug combinations) in B16 melanoma tumor cells (A) and 4T1 breast tumor cells (B). (C, D, E) In vitro cytotoxicity of cMLV(single drug) and cMLV(drug combinations) in drug-resistant JC cells (C), B16-R cells (D) and 4T1-R cells (E). IIP_Cmax was determined by incorporating three parameters (IC₅₀, D and m) in the median effect model into the following equation: IIP_Cmax  = log (1+(Cmax/IC₅₀)^m). Data are represented as mean ± SD (n = 3). Asterisks indicate statistical significance between two groups (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01).