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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2015 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Nutr Cancer. 2014 Sep 29;66(7):1187–1199. doi: 10.1080/01635581.2014.951737

Table 5. Consumption of foods and drinks that promote weight gain and breast cancer risk among EA women by menopausal status.

(frequency of intake/week) All women Premenopausal (n=774) Postmenopausal (n=682)
Ca (n) Co (n) OR1 95% CI OR2 95% CI Ca (n) Co (n) OR1 95% CI OR2 95% CI Ca (n) Co (n) OR1 95% CI OR2 95% CI
Energy dense foods
Q1 (≤3) 181 198 Ref Ref 93 90 Ref Ref 88 108 Ref Ref
Q2 (3.1-6) 175 151 1.28 0.93-1.75 1.32 0.96-1.81 76 86 0.81 0.51-1.29 0.80 0.50-1.27 99 65 1.73 1.09-2.74 1.91 1.19-3.06
Q3 (6.1-11) 202 184 1.27 0.94-1.73 1.36 0.99-1.86 112 105 0.97 0.63-1.50 0.93 0.59-1.45 90 79 1.64 1.03-2.60 2.05 1.26-3.32
Q4 (>11) 197 168 1.37 1.01-1.87 1.57 1.10-2.24 108 104 1.14 0.74-1.75 1.04 0.64-1.70 89 64 1.82 1.12-2.95 2.95 1.66-5.22
P for linear trend 0.08 0.02 0.31 0.59 0.03 0.001
Fast foods
Q1 (≤1) 164 187 Ref Ref 69 73 Ref Ref 95 114 Ref Ref
Q2 (1.1-2) 196 180 1.49 1.09-2.03 1.51 1.11-2.07 87 98 1.16 0.72-1.88 1.15 0.71-1.86 109 82 1.97 1.26-3.07 2.05 1.30-3.21
Q3 (2.1-3) 156 132 1.67 1.19-2.35 1.74 1.23-2.45 86 76 1.53 0.92-2.52 1.49 0.89-2.48 70 56 1.83 1.11-3.03 1.99 1.19-3.30
Q4 (>3) 239 202 1.60 1.16-2.19 1.75 1.24-2.46 147 138 1.46 0.92-2.31 1.39 0.85-2.27 92 64 1.81 1.12-2.95 2.35 1.38-4.00
P for linear trend 0.02 0.005 0.11 0.21 0.04 0.004
Sugary drinks
None 524 512 Ref Ref 248 263 Ref Ref 276 249 Ref Ref
Low (≤1) 125 120 1.08 0.80-1.45 1.09 0.80-1.46 86 76 1.13 0.77-1.65 1.10 0.75-1.62 39 44 0.86 0.52-1.44 0.88 0.53-1.47
High (>1) 106 69 1.28 0.90-1.84 1.31 0.91-1.89 55 46 1.01 0.62-1.64 0.95 0.58-1.56 51 23 1.92 1.07-3.44 2.05 1.13-3.70
P for linear trend 0.18 0.15 0.97 0.80 0.03 0.02

Ca – case; Co- control

OR1: Adjusted for age, ethnicity, country of origin, education, age at menarche, menopausal status, parity, age at first birth, breastfeeding status, family history of breast cancer, HRT use, OC use, history of benign breast disease, study site, BMI, total MET hours per week; OR2: Further adjusted for total energy intake