Table 1.

Summary statistics and Wald estimators in daughters-in-law (N=2528)

Variable	Parent(s)-in-law have no ADL limitations (n=2433)	Parent(s)-in-law have any ADL limitations (n=95)
Table 1A:Daughter-in-law characteristics	Mean	Mean	p-value†
Age (year)	53.29	55.31	<0.01
Education (%)			0.21
Elementary school or less	24.58	27.37
Middle school	20.72	25.26
High school	44.43	43.16
College or more	10.28	4.21
Home ownership (%)	83.26	92.63	0.02
Statutory medical security (%)			0.52
National Health Insurance	98.31	96.84
Medical Aid Type 1	0.70	1.05
Medical Aid Type 2	0.99	2.11
Voluntary private health insurance	56.39	52.63	0.47
Both parents-in-law living together (%)	16.19	10.53	0.14
Residential area (%)			0.40
Metropolitan	46.65	42.11
Small city	34.57	33.68
Rural	18.78	24.21
KLoSA wave (%)			0.68
Wave 1 (2006)	41.10	41.05
Wave 2 (2008)	32.22	35.79
Wave 3 (2010)	26.67	23.16
Caregiving for a least one parent-in-law	0.0016	0.6000	-

Table 1B: Wald estimator††	Mean	Mean	Wald	(S.E.)†††
Pain affecting daily activities	0.14	0.26	0.20***	(0.08)
Self-reported health fair to poor	0.36	0.49	0.22**	(0.09)
Any outpatient care use	0.62	0.60	−0.03	(0.09)
Log(Out-of-pocket costs) if any use	1.81	2.13	0.55**	(0.28)
Any regular prescription drug use	0.29	0.39	0.17*	(0.09)
Log(Out-of-pocket costs) if any use	2.96	3.14	0.25	(0.30)

Notes:

ADL, activity of daily living

^†Test statistics for t-test (continuous variable) or chi-sq test (categorical variable).

^††Table 5A provides the number of observations used for each outcome measure.

^†††Robust standard errors in parentheses

^***p<0.01,

^**p<0.05,

^*p<0.1.