Table 2.

Ten indicators across three dimensions that comprise the Multidimensional Poverty Index (MPI) [8]

Dimension	Indicator	Definition
Health	Child death	One or more children born in the household in the last five years have died
	Child undernutrition	At least one child in the household under the age of 3 is underweight
Education	Adult education	No household member has completed five or more years of schooling
	Child not in school	At least one school-aged child is not enrolled in school
Standard of living	Unimproved water	The drinking water source does not meet the WHO/UNICEF JMP criteria for “improved”
	Unimproved sanitation	The sanitation facilities do not meet the WHO/UNICEF JMP criteria for “improved”
	Indoor biomass fuel use	The household cooks food with biomass fuels, as defined in the MDGs
	Low quality housing	The main housing material is kachha or semi-pucca
	No electricity	The household has no electricity
	Limited assets	The household has no car or truck and owns at most one of these - bicycle, motorbike, radio, refrigerator, or television

Definitions presented here are those used in this analysis. The original MPI indicators and detailed descriptions of the rationale and methodology for each adaptation are included in Additional file 1: “Adaptions to the MPI methodology”.