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. 2014 Sep 24;16(5):445. doi: 10.1186/s13075-014-0445-9

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© Yokoyama et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 2014

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

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Effects of CCL25 on cultured RA FLS. (A) CCR9 expression on in vitro cultured RA FLS was determined by flow cytometry. Horizontal line indicates fluorescence intensity (FI). (B) RA FLS were cultured for 48 hours with various concentrations of CCL25. Concentrations of IL-6 (i) and MMP-3 (ii) in the culture supernatant were measured with ELISA. Values are the mean ± SEM of three independent experiments. *P <0.05. CCL, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand; CCR, CC chemokine receptor; ELISA, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay; FLS, fibroblast-like synoviocytes; IL, interleukin; MMP, metalloproteinase; RA, rheumatoid arthritis; SEM, standard error of the mean.