Fig. 2.

Transcriptome-wide analysis of gene expression in PD and healthy control monocytes by next-generation sequencing reveals a distinct expression signature in PD monocytes. a Heatmap of 8,862 genes expressed over the threshold (FPKM >5). b Unsupervised hierarchical clustering based on the expression of 8,862 genes in blood monocytes successfully identified most PD cases and clustered them away from healthy controls. Clustering by complete linkage and cosine correlation. c Differential expression of selected top genes in PD monocytes. d Fold change of expression in PD monocytes vs. healthy controls’ monocytes. e Validation of selected genes’ expression in an independent cohort (healthy controls n = 13, PD patients n = 14) by qRT-PCR. Bars represent mean ± SEM, *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ****p < 0.0001