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. 2014 Aug 6;5(17):7870–7885. doi: 10.18632/oncotarget.2317

Figure 3. Fucoidan inhibits proliferation and decreases TGFR-mediated Smad and non-Smad pathway activity in lung cancer cells.

Figure 3

Fucoidan inhibits the proliferation of lung cancer cells (A) A549, CL1-5, and LLC1. The cells were treated with various doses of fucoidan (0–300 μg/ml) for 24, 48, and 72 h; the viability of the cells was determined using the MTT assay. Each group of fucoidan-treated samples was normalized against each untreated control. The data are representative of three separate experiments and are presented as the mean ± SD; error bars indicate SD. Significant differences are shown (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, compared with the control group). (B) CL1-5 cells were treated with fucoidan (100 or 200 μg/ml) for 1 h. (C) CL1-5 cells were pre-treated with fucoidan (200 μg/ml) for 2 h and then treated with TGFβ (10 ng/ml) for 1 h. The treatments were followed by western blotting analyses of whole cell lysates to detect the expression of p-Smad2/3 (Ser423/425), p-Akt (Ser473), p-Erk1/2 (Thr202/Tyr 204). Smad2/3, Akt and Erk were used as internal controls for loading.