Table 2.
Characteristics of participants associated with fall-related injuries.
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) |
Adjusted OR (95% CI)a |
|
|---|---|---|
| Age groups, yrs | ||
| 60–69 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 70–79 | 1.39 (1.37–1.40) | 1.37 (1.36–1.39) |
| ≥80 | 1.60 (1.58–1.62) | 1.63 (1.60–1.65) |
| Gender | ||
| Men | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Women | 1.74 (1.72–1.76) | 1.79 (1.77–1.82) |
| BMI (Kg/m2) | ||
| Underweight | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Normal | 0.95 (0.92–0.99) | 0.94 (0.91–0.98) |
| Overweight | 0.97 (0.93–1.00) | 0.96 (0.92–0.99) |
| Obesity | 1.11 (1.07–1.16) | 1.02 (0.98–1.06) |
| Area of residence | ||
| Rural | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Urban | 1.29 (1.27–1.30) | 1.02 (1.02-1.02) |
| Race | ||
| Indian | 1.79 (1.75–1.84) | 1.87 (1.82–1.92) |
| Black | 1.06 (1.02–1.10) | 1.35 (1.29–1.41) |
| Mestizo | 1.35 (1.33–1.38) | 1.49 (1.46–1.52) |
| Mulatto | 0.96 (0.93–1.00) | 0.79 (0.76–0.83) |
| White | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Living arrangements | ||
| Alone | 1.47 (1.45–1.50) | 1.35 (1.33–1.37) |
| Accompanied | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Alcohol use | ||
| None | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 day | 0.56 (0.55-0.56) | 0.80 (0.78–0.81) |
| ≥2 days | 1.71 (1.66–1.77) | 2.54 (2.46–2.63) |
| Regular physical activity | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 0.81 (0.80–0.82) | 1.10 (1.09–1.12) |
| GDS ≥ 6 | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.58 (1.56–1.61) | 1.37 (1.35–1.39) |
| Cognitive impairment | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.78 (1.75–1.80) | 1.49 (1.46–1.51) |
| ADL's limitations | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 1.68 (1.66–1.70) | 1.33 (0.64–0.68) |
| Self-reported health | ||
| Excellent to good | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Fair to poor | 1.63 (1.61–1.66) | 1.60 (1.57–1.62) |
| Urinary incontinence | ||
| No | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Yes | 2.05 (2.03–2.08) | 1.77 (1.75–1.79) |
| Comorbidities | ||
| 0 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 1 | 1.81 (1.78–1.83) | 1.52 (1.49–1.54) |
| ≥2 | 2.44 (2.40–2.48) | 2.22 (2.19–2.26) |
| Grip strength (Kg/sec) | ||
| Q1 (1 to 15) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Q2 (16 to 20) | 0.60 (0.59–0.61) | 0.65 (0.64–0.66) |
| Q3 (21 to 27) | 0.48 (0.47–0.49) | 0.61 (0.60–0.62) |
| Q4 (28 to 97) | 0.44 (0.43–0.45) | 0.75 (0.74–0.77) |
| Chair stand test (sec) | ||
| Q1 (4 to 9) | 0.66 (0.65–0.67) | 0.80 (0.78–0.81) |
| Q2 (10 to 11) | 0.56 (0.55–0.57) | 0.61 (0.60–0.63) |
| Q3 (12 to 14) | 0.50 (0.49–0.51) | 0.53 (0.52–0.54) |
| Q4 (≥15) | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| Single leg stance (sec) | ||
| 0 to 9 sec | 1.00 | 1.00 |
| 10 sec | 0.76 (0.75–0.77) | 0.87 (0.86–0.88) |
GDS: Geriatric Depression Scale; aadjusted for age, sex, and body mass index.