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Postulated mechanisms of intron loss and gain. Simplified mechanisms of loss (A) and gain (B) are presented. Genomic contexts are represented as gray boxes, exons in DNA as light green boxes, exons in RNA as dark green, and introns as thin lines joining exons. The resulting gene structure for each mechanism is framed in red. Note that the NHEJ/MMEJ-mediated mechanism does not necessarily lead to perfect intron gain or loss (not shown). RT, reverse transcription.
