Table 3.
Use of robotics in rectal cancer surgery - immediate oncological outcomes
| Ref. | Type of procedure | Number of patients | Positivity of circumferential resection margin (%) | Distal resection margins, cm | Mean/median number of lymph nodes harvested |
| Hellan et al[28] | RTME | 39 | 0 | 2.6 (0.4-7.5) | 13 (7-28) |
| Choi et al[29] | RTME | 13 | 0 | 4.7 ± 1.8 | 24.6 ± 16.7 |
| Choi et al[19] | RTME | 50 | 2 | 1.9 ± 1.1 | 20.6 ± 10 |
| Ng et al[30] | RTME | 8 | 0 | > 2 | 15 (2-26) |
| deSouza et al[31] | RTME | 44 | 0 | NA | 14 (5-45) |
| Pigazzi et al[32] | RTME | 143 | 0.7 | 2.9 ± 1.8 | 14.1 (1-39) |
| Baek et al[33] | RTME | 64 | 0 | 3.4 (0.2-10) | 14.5 (3-28) |
| Zimmern et al[34] | RTME | 58 | NA | NA | 11.8-15.3 |
| Kang et al[20] | RTME | 389 | 3.6 | NA | 15.7 ± 10 |
| Koh et al[35] | RTME | 19 | 5.3 | 0.8-1 | 17.8 ± 7.1 |
| Leong et al[21] | RTME | 29 | 6.8 | 0.8 (0-4) | 16 (1-44) |
| Marecik et al[36] | RTME | 5 | 0 | -1 | 12.4 |
| Alimoglu et al[24] | RTME | 7 | 0 | -1 | 16 (14-21) |
| Kang et al[37] | RTME | 6 | 0 | -1 | 20 (7-58) |
| Karahasanoglu et al[38] | RTME | 30 | 0 | 4 (2-8) | 15 (3-38) |
| Park et al[39] | RTME | 30 | 0 | NA | 20 (14-25) |
| Du et al[40] | RTME | 22 | 0 | 2.6 (1-5.5) | 14.3 (8-27) |
| Pigazzi et al[41] | RTME | 6 | NA | 3.8 (1.8-9) | 14 (9-28) |
| LTME | 6 | NA | 3.5 (2.2-5) | 17 (9-39) | |
| Baik et al[18] | RTME | 18 | NA | 4.0 ± 1.1 | 18 (6-49) |
| LTME | 18 | NA | 3.7 ± 1.1 | 22 (9-42) | |
| Patriti et al[42] | RTME | 29 | 0 | 2.1 ± 0.9 | 10.3 ± 4 |
| LTME | 37 | 0 | 4.5 ± 7.2 | 11.2 ± 5 | |
| Baik et al[43] | RTME | 56 | 7.2 | 4 (1-7) | 17.5 (4-43) |
| LTME | 57 | 8.8 | 3 (1-9) | 17 (4-53) | |
| Bianchi et al[22] | RTME | 25 | 0 | 2 (1.5-4.5) | 18 (7-34) |
| LTME | 25 | 4 | 2 (1.8-3.5) | 17 (8-37) | |
| Popescu et al[44] | RTME | 38 | NA | Negative | 11.7 ± 3.8 |
| LTME | 84 | NA | Negative | 11.1 ± 3.2 | |
| Kim et al[23] | RTME | 100 | 3 | 2.7 ± 1.9 | 14.7 ± 9.7 |
| LTME | 100 | 2 | 2.6 ± 1.8 | 16.6 ± 9.1 | |
| Park et al[45] | RTME | 41 | 1.2 | 2.1 ± 1.4 | 17.3 ± 7.7 |
| LTME | 82 | 7.3 | 2.3 ± 1.5 | 14.2 ± 8.9 | |
| Park et al[46] | RTME | 52 | 1.9 | 2.8 ± 1.9 | 19.4 ± 10.2 |
| LTME | 123 | 2.4 | 3.2 ± 2.1 | 15.9 ± 10.1 | |
| Baek et al[47] | RTME | 41 | 4.9 | 3.6 (0.4-10) | 13.1 (3-33) |
| LTME | 41 | 2.4 | 3.8 (0.4-11) | 16.2 (3-33) | |
| Kwak [48] | RTME | 59 | 1.7 | 2.2 (1.5-3) | 20 (12-27) |
| LTME | 59 | 0 | 2 (1.2-3.5) | 21 (14-28) | |
| Kim et al[25] | RTME | 100 | 1 | 2.7 ± 1.72 | 20 ± 6.9 |
| OTME | 100 | 1 | 1.9 ± 1.32 | 19.6 ± 8.5 | |
| Park et al[49] | RTME | 40 | 7.5 | 1.4 ± 0.9 | 12.9 ± 7.5 |
| LTME | 40 | 5 | 1.3 ± 0.9 | 13.3 ± 8.6 | |
| Kang et al[26] | RTME | 165 | 4.22 | 1.9 ± 1.4 | 15 ± 9.4 |
| LTME | 165 | 6.72 | 2 ± 1.4 | 15.6 ± 9.1 | |
| OTME | 165 | 10.32 | 2.2 ± 1.7 | 17.4 ± 10.9 | |
| D’Annibale et al[27] | RTME | 50 | 02 | 3 (2-7) | 16.5 (11-44) |
| LTME | 50 | 122 | 3 (1-6) | 13.8 (4-29) |
1
Abdominoperineal resections only;
2
The original publication as statistically significant (P < 0.05). RTME: Robotic total mesorectal excision; LTME: Laparoscopic total mesorectal excision; RPME: Robotic partial mesorectal excision; OTME: Open total mesorectal excision; NA: Not available.