Table 1.

Plants and uses.

Botanical Name	Local Name	Family Name	Habit	Parts Used	NTFP's Uses	Medicinal Uses	Recipes	Route
Achillea millefolium	Sounfi buti	Compositae	Herb	Whole	Medicinal,	Antipyretic, gastroinstestinal	The whole plant is first mashed and then boiled in milk to	Oral
L.				plant	fodder, cosmetics	and	extract different therapeutic compounds and decoction is
					and dye	diabetes	used as remedy in severe fever and constipation
Adiantum incisum	Kakhpai	Adiantaceae	Herb	Whole	Medicinal and	Respiratory	Infusion is made in water and is taken Oral for treating	Oral
Forsk.				plant	fodder	problems, antipyretic	disorders.
						and gynea
Agrimonia eupatoria	Kanachika	Rosaceae	Herb	Leaves	Dye	------	------
L
Ajuga bracteosa Benth.	Ratti butti	Lamiaceae	Herb	Whole plant	Medicinal	Antipyretic and gastro-intestinal	Leaf paste is used Oral to relief fever and constipation	Oral
Althaea rosea (L)	Gul-e-khaira	Malvaceae	Herb	Roots	Medicinal	Hepatitis, gastrointestinal,	Roots are dip in new earthen pot for whole night. In the	Oral
Cav.						liver, kidney problems	following morning the water juice is drunk for kidney and other problems
Androsace	Kounki	Primalaceae	Herb	Leaves	Medicinal	Urinary infections	The leaves are crushed and the paste of the leaves is taken	Oral
rotundifolia Y Nasir.	butti						along water.
Angelica glauca Edgew.	Chora	Apiaceae	Herb	Roots	Ethno-veterinary	Gastro-intestinal	Powdered roots are taken with milk for Gastro-intestinal disorders.	Oral
Aquilegia pubiflora	Phool	Rananculaceae	Herb	Stem	Medicinal and	Ulcer, Gynea	Paste is prepared in water and used for skin infection	Dermal/Oral
Wal.ex.Royle.					fodder		externally and Oral with milk to treat ulcer and gynea
							problems
Arisaema flavum	Adbis	Araceae	Herb	Root and	Medicinal, ethno-veterinary	Skin	The root and stem paste is externally applied on skin	Dermal
(Forssk) Schott.				stem	and insecticide
Arisaema	Adbis	Araceae	Herb	Fruit	Insecticide and	Antipyretic	Fruit is poisonous and used as insecticide. Very small	Oral
jacquemontii					medicinal		quantity is used during meal for relieving fever.
Arisaema ringens	Cobra plant	Araceae	Tree	Whole	Medicinal	Pain relief	-----	Oral
				plant
Artemisia fragrans Wild.	Chaoo	Asteraceae	Herb	Leaves	Medicinal	Antipyretic and skin diseases	Juice of fresh leaves mixed with brown sugar and given Oral in fever and skin disease	Dermal/Oral
Berberis lyceum	Sunmbal	Berberidaceae	Spiny	Leaves,	Medicinal, ethno-veterinary	Gastro-intestinal,	The paste of root bark is externally applied on wounds.	Dermal/Oral
Royle.			Shrub	fruits, bark	fodder	diabetes, wounds	Crushed bark is soaked in water and the resultant extract
				and roots	and dye		is taken early morning to treat diabetes and Gastrointestinal
							disorders. Leaves are used as fodder.
Bergenia ciliata	But phay	Saxifragaceae	Herb	Roots	Medicinal, fodder	Digestive disorders,	Roots are dried in sunshine and then grind to make	Oral
(Haw) Sternb.					and cosmetics	Diabetes	powder. Half tea spoon of this powder in the following
							morning is taken along desi ghee to treat digestive and
							diabetic problems
Bistorta amplexicaulis D.Don	Masloon	Polygonaceae	Herb	Leaves and roots	Medicinal and fodder	Respiratory disorders, gastrointestinal and antipyretic	Powder mixed with little salt is used for treatment of various disorders.	Oral
Canabis sativa L.	Bhangh	Cannabinaceae	Herb	Leaves &	Medicinal,	Antispasmodic	The leaves are antispasmodic, narcotic. They are boiled	Dermal
				branches	narcotic and		and the warmed leaves are tied over the affected parts
					handicraft		of the body for the treatment of spasm.
Chenopodium album	Sarmay	Chenopodiaceae	Herb	Leaves	Vegetable and	Anthelmentic	Leaves are cooked and taken to expel worms	Oral
L.					medicinal
Chrysanthemum Leucanthemum Linn	Chity Phool	Euphorbiaceae	Herb	Whole plant	Fodder, handicraft and insecticide	-------
Clematis grata Wall.	Bilri	Ranunculaceae	Herb	Whole plant	Fodder	-------	Whole plant is used as fodder	Oral
Coptis tecta Wall.	Mamera	Mimosaceae	Herb	Whole plant	Medicinal	Eye infections	-------	Eyes
Dispacus inermis Wall	Tandi	Dispaceae	Herb	Leaves	Vegetable	-------	Leaves are cooked and used as vegetable	Oral
Dryopteris ramose	Pakha	Aspidiaceae	Herb	Leaves	Medicinal, fodder	Vegetable	Young leaves are collected between March-May and dry	Oral
(Hope) C. Chir.					and vegetable	constipation and aphrodisiac	to make powder and mix with milk and used again constipation
Euphorbia wallichii	Hirvy	Euphorbiaceae	Herb	Whole	Medicinal and	Skin diseases	For the treatment of eczema, equal quantity of the plant	Dermal
Hook f.				plant	fodder		with Cuscuta reflexa is made into paste and applied on
							the affected parts twice a day.
Frageria nubicola	Pinjakha	Rosaceae	Herb	Leaves,	Medicinal, fodder	Anti-inflammatory,	Fruit juice extracted and believed to cure gastro-intestinal	Oral
Lindl ex Lacaita.				seeds and	and vegetable	gastro-intestinal and	problems
				fruits		Diuretic
Gallium aparine L.	Kochan	Rubiaceae	Herb	Whole	Medicinal and	Gastro-intestinal,	Juice is extracted from the whole plant and is used for	Oral
				plant	fodder	antipyretic and diuretic	different ailments.
Gentiana kurroo	Nile kanth	Gentianaceae	Herb	Roots	Medicinal and	For stomach pain and	Roots are taken and dried in sunshine to make powder	Oral
Royle.					vegetable	urinary infections	and taken along desi ghee to cure different infections
Geranium	Ratunjot	Geraniaceae	Herb	Roots	Medicinal,	Joints pain	The roots are dried and grinded, sugar and milk are added	Oral
wallichianum D.					vegetable and		in it, and it is used for pain in joints.
Don ex sweet.					fodder
Glycyrrhiza glabra	Mullathi	Papilionaceae	Herb	Roots	Medicinal	Gastro-intestinal	The aqueous extract from boiled roots is taken Oral to	Oral
Waldst and Kit.							treat abdominal pain.
Hedera nepalensis	Albumber	Araliaceae	Herb	Leaves	Medicinal, ethno-veterinary	Diabetes	The dried branches and leaves are grinded and the powder	Oral
K. Koch(Syn:H.helix L)					veterinary and fodder		is used early in the morning with water against diabetes
Impatien bicolor	Batmandar	Balsaminaceae	Herb	Seeds and	Medicinal and	Antipyretic and	Paste of leaves is prepared and with sugar used against	Oral
Royle				leaves	fodder	diuretic	fever and urinary infection
Leucanthemum	Margue rite	Asteraceae	Herb	Whole	Fodder		------
vulgare Lam.				plant
Mentha arvenses L.	Chita	Labiateae	Herb	Leaves	Medicinal and	Vomiting and	Dried leaves are taken Oral to stop vomiting. Its leaves	Oral
	podina				ethno-veterinary	stomach problems	are added in green tea and used for digestive problems
							and cholera.
Mentha longifolia L.	Gangli podina	Labiateae	Herb	Leaves	Medicinal and ethno-veterinary	Gastro-intestinal disorders	Leaves of Mentha longifolia, young fruits of Zanthoxylum alatumare grinded with seeds of Punica granatum, and green chilies to make “Chatni” which is used to treat gastro-intestinal problems	Oral
Morchella esculenta L.	Gucchhi	Morchellaceae	Herb	Leaves	Medicinal	Tonic	Locally the morels are fried with cows ghee and used after meal which is considered as a general body tonic.	Oral
Nepeta leavigata	Muskbal	Lamiaceae	Herb	Leaves	fodder		Used as fodder	Oral
(D.Don) Hand. - Mazz.						------
Oxalis debilis L	Teenpatra	Oxalidaceae	Herb	Leaves	Medicinal	Skin, antipyretic,	The leaves of the plant are crushed and the extract is used	Oral
						asthma, anti-diabetic and Anthelmentic	Oral against fever and diabetes
Paeonia emodi Wall. Ex Royle.	Mameikh	Paeoniaceae	Herb	Roots	Medicinal, ethno-veterinary and vegetable	Backache, antipyretic and epilepsy	Roots are dried and their taken along sweet dishes to cure backache	Oral
Podophyllum	Bankakri	Berberidacea	Herb	Fruit &	Medicinal	Stomach and liver	Highly poisonous but expert healers use it in little amount	Oral
hexandrum Royle.				seeds		disorders	to cure stomach and liver disorders
Polygonum	Musloon	Polygonaceae	Herb	Roots	Medicinal, fodder	Antipyretic	Roots and flowers are crushed to obtained juice and taken	Oral
amplexicaul D. Don.					and vegetable		Oral with sugar to reduce fever
Pronella vulgaris L	Na	Lamiaceae	Herb	Leaves	Medicinal and	Anti-inflammatory	Both fresh and dry leaves are used against inflammation	Dermal
				fodder
Ranunculus	Rat mondia	Rananculaceae	Herb	Leaves	Fodder		It is used as fodder.	Oral
muricatus L
Rheum webbianum	Chutiyal	Polygonaceae	Herb	Roots	Medicinal	Healing internal	Rhizomes are cooked and eat to cure internal wounds	Oral
Royle.						wounds
Rubdosia longituba	Boi	Lamiaceae	Herb	Roots	Medicinal and	Ear and nose	------	Ear and
					fodder	infections		nose
Rumex dentatus	Khatimble	Polygonaceae	Herb	Leaves & roots	Medicinal and fodder	Healing wounds and jaundice	The extract of the leaves is used as antiseptic against wounds. Leaves are grinded and used against jaundice	Oral/Dermal
Rumex nepalensis Spreng.	Hoola	Polygonaceae	Herb	Leaves	Medicinal	Healing wounds	The extract of the leaves is used as antiseptic against wounds.	Dermal
Senecio salignus DC	Chita ula	Asteraceae	Herb	Leaves,	Medicinal, ethno-veterinary	Anti-inflammatory	Crushed leaves and roots are taken along milk to cure	Oral
				roots,	veterinary and	and gastro-intestinal	gastro-intestinal diseases
				seeds and	fodder
				fruit
Solanum nigrum L.	Katch	Solanaceae	Herb	Roots,	Medicinal	Gastro-intestinal	Leaves and fruits are cooked and used against abdominal	Oral
	mach			leaves and			swellings and stomach-ache.
				Fruit
Swertia chirata	Charieta	Apiaceae	Herb	leaves	Medicinal	Antipyretic, skin	The leaves are grinded and the paste is dissolved in water	Oral/Dermal
Buch.						diseases	along with some brown sugar and is used against fever
							especially malaria.
Urtica dioka L	Bichu boti	Urticaceae	Herb	leaves and	Medicinal, ethno-veterinary	Astringent and	Decoction of the plant is astringent and anthelmentic.	Oral
				roots	veterinary and	anthelmentic	Leaves cause severe irritation which can be soothed by
					vegetable		rubbing leaves of Rumex.
Valeriana jatamansi Wall.	Mushkebala	Velerianaceae	Herb	Roots	Medicinal and fodder	Antipyretic and Skin disease	Decoction of roots is prepared and used again fever and externally for skin	Oral/Dermal
Viola canescens Wall.	Pholala	Velerianaceae	Herb	Leaves & roots	Medicinal, fodder and vegetable	Cough and respiratory problems	The leaves paste is mixed with brown sugar to be used against cough, cold and other respiratory problems.	Oral
Viola serpens Wall.	Banafsha	Violaceae	Herb	Leaves and flowers	Medicinal	Cooling agent	Flowers and Leaves are boiled in water for one hour. One cup of this decoction is used three times in a day to reduce body weakness and provide cooling effect	Oral
Zanthroxylum armatum DC.	Timber	Rutaceae	Tree	Fruit & stem	Medicinal, ethno-veterinary, vegetable and cosmetics	Antipyretic, Gastrointestinal and dental pain	Young fruits are grinded with seeds of Punica granatum, leaves of Mentha longifolia and green chilies to make “Chatni”. Its fruits are highly carminative and also used against stomach-ach. Young branches are used as “Miswak” just like toothbrush.	Oral