Table 3.
Phytochemical review of highly marketable species.
| Botanical Name | Part Used | Chemical Constituent | References | Market prices (US$ Kg−1) |
| Achillea millefolium | Leaves and flower |
Saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, essential oil, volatile oil, proazulene, azulene, terpenes, tannin, coumarins, sterols, vitamins, amino and fatty acid, phenol carbonic acid, ethanol and hydroalcoholic. |
(Kumar et al., 2011; Gupta & Sharma, 2006) |
3.15 |
| Adiantum incisum | Whole plant | Triterpenoids, Noroleanane, adininaonol, adiantuoleanone, flavonoids |
(Pan et al., 2011) | 8.1 |
| Bergenia ciliata | Roots | Flavonoids, tannins, phenols, sterol, alkaloid, | (Ruby et al., 2012) | 2.5 |
| glycosides, tannin acid, gallic acid, berginin, | ||||
| catechin, gallicin, anthraquinone. | ||||
| Dryopteris ramose | Leaves | Phenols, tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids. | (Gupta & Sharma, 2006) | 7.15 |
| Fragaria nubicola | Fruit, leaves and roots. |
Resin, tannin, carotenoids, ellagic acid, flavonoids. | (Shinwari, 2003) | 8.1 |
| Hedera nepalensis | Aerial parts, leaves, stem |
Tri terpenoid, saponins, polyynes, steroids and flavonoids. |
(Ahmad, 2012; Uddin et al., 2012) | 5.11 |
| Paeonia emodi | Rhizomes | Saponins, ash, oleanolic acid, betulinic acid, ethyl gallate, methyl grevillate and 1, 5-dihydroxy-3-Chaurasia methylanthraquinone, monoterpene. |
(Khan et al., 2005; Chaurasia et al., 2010) |
2.25 |
| Podophyllum hexandrum | Fruit and seeds, leaves, root |
Podophyllotoxins, podophyllin, podophyllic acid, podophylloquercin, starch and tannin, lignans, resin. |
(Sharma, 2013) | 2.15 |
| Valeriana jatamansi | Rhizome | Alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins and saponins, volatile oil, citric acid, malic acid, maliol, succinic acid and tartaric acid. |
(Fazal, 2007) | 3.75 |
| Viola canescens | Whole Plant | Alkaloids, tannin, coumarins, flavonoids, glycosides, carbohydrates, phenolic compounds, saponins. |
(Barkatullah et al., 2012) | 8.75 |