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. 2013 Autumn;4(4):329–333.

Figure 3.

Figure 3

RT-PCR analysis of the caspase-9 expression in sham and treatment groups. Exposure to MDMA caused an increase in the caspae-8 expression ( ap < 0.001 vs. sham). Administration of ginger down-regulated the caspase-8 expression (b p < 0.001 vs. MDMA group).