Table 2.
Comparison of characterized mammalian and bacterial enzymes that catalyze a similar reaction.
| Human enzyme (Accession No.) | Acceptor | Bacterial enzyme (Species) (Accession No.) | Acceptor | Identity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Core 1 β3-Gal-transferase, C1GALT1, T synthase (NP_064541, Q9NS00) | GalNAcα- | WbwC (ECO104) (AAK64375, Q93NP5) | GalNAcα-PP-lipid | 10.5 |
| WbiP (ECO127) (YP_002329684, B7UT68) | GalNAcα-R | 10.6 | ||
| CgtB (Cj) (ABL75151, A2I3T3) | GalNAcβ-R | 8.4 | ||
| β4-Gal-transferase 1, B4GALT1 (P15291) | GlcNAcβ- | LgtB (Nm) (EJU76624, J8YER7) | GlcNAcβ-R | 9.3 |
| WfeD (Sb) (ACD37055, B5L3X1) | GlcNAcα-PP-R | 8.6 | ||
| β3-Gal-transferase 5, B3GALT5 (NP_149361, Q9Y2C3) | GlcNAcβ- | WbgO (ECO55) (ADD57106, D3QY14) | GlcNAcβ-R | 11.4 |
| WbbD (ECO7) (AAC27537, Q03084) | GlcNAcα-PP-lipid | 13 | ||
| β3-GlcNAc-transferase 2, B3GNT2 (AAD09764, Q9NY97) | Galβ- | LgtA (Nm) (AAL12840, Q93EK6) | lactose | 11.6 |
| α3-Gal-transferase, ABO transferase GTB (AAD26574, Q9UQ64) | Fucα2Galβ- | WbnI (ECO86) (AAV80756, Q5JBG6) | Fucα2Galβ-R | 20.6 |
| α4-Gal-transferase, A4GALT (AAO39150, Q540I6) | Galβ- | CgtD (Cj) (AAM90647, Q8KWQ9) | Galβ-R | 11.6 |
| LgtC (Nm) (AAL12839, Q93EK7) | Galβ-R | 10.7 | ||
| α3-GalNAc-transferase, ABO transferase GTA (V5ZDN8, P16442) | Fucα2Galβ- | BoGT56a (Bo) (4AYL_A, A7LVT2) | Fucα2Galβ-R | 21.1 |
| GTA-like (Hm) (CBG40459, D3UIY4) | Fucα2Galβ-R | 19.7 | ||
| α3-Sialyl-transferase ST3GAL1 (NP_775479, Q11201) | Galβ3GalNAc- | NST (Nm) (C6S6J1) | Lactoseβ-benzyl | 13.2 |
| WbwA (ECO104) (AAK64371, Q93NP9) | Galβ3GalNAcα-PP-lipid | 13.6 | ||
| α3-Sialyl-transferase, ST3GAL4 (Q11206) | Galβ3- | CstI (Cj) (ADA70348, D2KQ02) | Galβ3-R | 10.2 |
| α6-Sialyl-transferase, ST6GAL1 (P15907) | Galβ3- | Pm0188 (Pm) (Q9CP67) | Galβ-R | 14.6 |
| α6Sialyltransferase (Psp) (A8QYL1) | Galβ-R | 14.6 | ||
| Poly α8-sialyl-transferase 2, ST8SIA2 (AAH10645, Q92186) | sialyl-Gal- | PST (Nm) (AAS90326, Q6PUE5) | GD1 ganglioside | 9.8 |
| PST (EC) (B1LEB7) | Sialyl-R | 5.4 | ||
| α2-Fuc-transferase, FUT2 (CAQ81982, A8K2L2) | Galβ- | WbwK (ECO86) (AAO37719, Q5JBG3) | Galβ3GalNAc- | 11.9 |
| WbsJ (ECO128) (AAO37698, Q6XQ53) | Galβ4-R | 15.8 | ||
| FutC (Hp) (ABO61750, A4L7J1) | Galβ- | 17.5 | ||
| α3-Fuc-transferase, FUT4 (NP_002024, P22083) | Galβ4GlcNAcβ- | FutA (Hp) (YP_003057735, C7BXF2) | Galβ4GlcNAcβ-R | 10 |
| FutB (Hp) (YP_003057467, C7BZU7) | Galβ4GlcNAcβ-R | 10.2 | ||
| α3FUT (Hh) (Q7VFA1) | (Sialyl-)Galβ4GlcNAcβ-R | 10.4 | ||
| α3/4-Fuc-transferase, FUT3 (P21217) | Galβ4/3GlcNAcβ- | FucTa (Hp) (AAF35291, Q9L8S4) | Galβ4/3GlcNAcβ-R | 14.5 |
| α6-Fuc-transferase, FUT8 (AAI42959, A5PLL2) | N-glycan core | NodZ (Rsp) (G9ACH1) | Chitobiose | 7.6 |
The donor substrates of mammalian and bacterial enzymes that synthesize the same linkage are the same but the preferred acceptor substrate may differ. The bacterial enzyme can mimic the mammalian enzyme and can be used to synthesize mammalian glycan structures but the amino acid sequences have little sequence identities. The percentage of amino acid identity is much higher among eukaryotic GT families and between GTs with similar action and using similar acceptors in bacteria. The accession numbers in bold (Accession No.) are from Pubmed and/or UniProt database. Bo, Bacteroides ovatus; Cj, Campylobacter jejuni; EC, E. coli; Hh, Helicobacter hepaticus; Hm, Helicobacter mustelae; Hp, Helicobacter pylori; Nm, Neisseria meningitides; Pm, Pasteurella multocida; Psp, Photobacterium sp.; Rsp, Rhizobium sp.; Sb, Shigella boydii; PP-, diphosphate-.