Table 4.
Mammalian and bacterial glycosyltransferases with known crystal structure relevant to glycoprotein determinants or their mimics.
| Enzyme name | Species | Donor | Acceptor | GT | Fold | DxD | Reference | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| INVERTING | ||||||||
| GnT I, MGAT1 | Rabbit | UDP-GlcNAc | Manα3-R | 13 | GT-A | DxD | (19) | |
| C2GnT, GCNT1 | Mouse | UDP-GlcNAc | Galβ3GalNAc-R | 14 | GT-A | E320 | (20, 21) | |
| β4-Gal-T1, B4GALT1 | Human | UDP-Gal | GlcNAcβ-R | 7 | GT-A | DxD | (22) | |
| β4-Gal-T1, B4GALT1 | Bovine | UDP-Gal | GlcNAcβ-R | 7 | GT-A | DxD | (23) | |
| β4-Gal-T7, B4GALT7 | Human | UDP-Gal | GlcNAcβ-R | 7 | GT-A | DxD | (24) | |
| α3-FUT | Hp | GDP-Fuc | Galβ4GlcNAc | 10 | GT-B | E95, E249 | (25) | |
| α6-FUT8 | Human | GDP-Fuc | N-glycan core Gn | 23 | GT-B | D453 | (26) | |
| NodZ | Rsp | GDP-Fuc | chitobiose | 23 | GT-B | (27) | ||
| ST3GAL1 | Pig | CMP-SA | Galβ3GalNAc-R | 29 | GT-A | H319 | (28) | |
| α3-Sialyl-T | Pp | CMP-SA | Gal-R | 80 | GT-B | H317 | (29) | |
| α3-Sialyl-T | CstI | Cj | CMP-SA | Galβ-R | 42 | GT-A | H202 | (30) |
| α3-Sialyl-T | NST | Nm | CMP-SA | Lactose-Bn | 52 | GT-A | H280 | (31) |
| ST6GAL1 | Rat | CMP-SA | Galβ4GlcNAc | 29 | GT-A | H367 | (32) | |
| ST6GAL1 | Human | CMP-SA | Galβ4GlcNAc | 29 | GT-A | H370 | (33) | |
| α6-Sialyl-T | PM0188 | Pm | CMP-SA | Lactose, Gal, GalNAc, SA | 80 | GT-B | D141 | (34) |
| α6-Sialyl-T | pst6-224 | Psp | CMP-SA | Lactose | 80 | GT-B | (35) | |
| α3/8-Sialyl-T | CstII | Cj | CMP-SA | Galβ-R | 42 | GT-A | H188 | (36) |
| α3-Sialyl-T multi | PmST1 | Pm | CMP-SA | Lactose, Gal, GalNAc, sialic acid | 80 | GT-B | D141 | (37) |
| RETAINING | ||||||||
| GALNT1 | Mouse | UDP-GalNAc | Thr/Ser | 27 | GT-A-ricin | (17) | ||
| GALNT2 | Human | UDP-GalNAc | Thr/Ser | 27 | GT-A-ricin | (18) | ||
| GALNT10 | Human | UDP-GalNAc | Thr/Ser | 27 | GT-A-ricin | (38) | ||
| ABO transferase | GTB | Human | UDP-Gal | H antigen | 6 | GT-A | E303 | (39) |
| H347 | (40) | |||||||
| α3-Gal-T | Linear B | Bovine | UDP-Gal | Galβ4GlcNAc | 6 | GT-A | E317, H271 | (41, 42) |
| Gal-T | ||||||||
| ABO transferase | GTA | Human | UDP-GalNAc | H antigen | 6 | GT-A | E303 | (39, 43) |
| H347 | ||||||||
| α3-GalNAc-T | BoGT6a | Bo | UDP-GalNAc | Fuc-lactose | 6 | GT-A | NxN | (44) |
| α4-Gal-T | LgtC | Nm | UDP-Gal | Lactose, oligosac | 8 | GT-B | 4DxD, H188 | (45) |
Enzymes are listed that have been characterized and crystallized and shown to be involved in the synthesis of glycoproteins or their glycan mimics in bacteria. Bo, Bacteroides ovatus; Bs, bacillus subtilis; Cj, Campylobacter jejuni; DxD, presence of a DxD motif or its analog or proposed catalytic residue; GT, Glycosyltransferase family (CAZy); Hp, Helicobacter pylori; multi, multifunctional enzyme; Inverting: enzymes invert the anomeric configuration of the sugar of the donor substrate to form enzyme product; N-glycan core Gn, reducing GlcNAc residue of the N-glycan core structure; Nm, Neisseria meningitides; Pm, Pasteurella multocida; Pp, Photobacterium phosphoreum; Psp, Photobacterium sp.; Rsp, Rhizobium sp.; Retaining: enzymes retain the anomeric configuration of the sugar of the donor substrate in the enzyme product; SA, sialic acid; -T, -transferase.