. 2014 Jun;48(3):521–531. doi: 10.1590/S0034-8910.2014048005130

Table 1. Characteristics and main results of the selected randomized clinical trials, GRADEa score and clinical relevance score. (N = 20).

Source/Country in which the study was conducted /Substance studied/Sample size	Type of intervention/Method to minimize abandonment/Non-adherence rate	Outcome measured	GRADE total^b – Clinical relevance^c
Agyapong et al (2012)¹	SMS/control Not used 7.4% in 3 months	Text messaging support showed improvement in outcomes for patients with depression and comorbidity (alcohol dependence).	5/5-5/5
Ireland
Alcohol
N = 54

Blankers M et al (2011)⁵	Cognitive behavioral therapy and motivational interviewing online/internet Motivational e-mails, telephone calls to collect data, 15 Euro voucher for every questionnaire completed 41.0% in 6 months	Reducing the number of units of alcohol per week in 6 months.	4/5-5/5
Holland
Alcohol
N = 205



Joseph A et al (2011)²⁸	Prevalence of relapse and telephone /usual care Not used 8.4% in 18 months	The approach increased short tobacco abstinence in the and long term.	5/5-5/5
United States
Tobacco
N = 443
McKay J et al (2011)³⁴	Counselling and telephone monitoring/ telephone monitoring/usual treatment Not used 26.2% in 24 months	Telephone monitoring and counseling decreased % of days of alcohol consumption up to 18 months of intervention.	5/5-5/5
United States
Alcohol
N = 252

Postel M et al (2011)³⁸	Internet/waiting list Not used Non-adherence rate not estimated	Gender, educational level, age, initial intake and motivational level were predictors of	1/5-2/5
Holland
Alcohol
N = 924
Whittaker R et al (2011)⁴⁸	Video message/control Not used 27.0% in 6 months	Efficacy not shown in the tested intervention. Dropout rates were high in both groups.	5/5-3/5
New Zealand
Tobacco
N = 226
Fernandes S et al (2010)¹⁸	Brief, motivational telephone interview/telephone control Not used 68.8% in 6 months	Positive efficacy for stopping marijuana use.	2/5-3/5
Brazil
Marijuana
N = 1.744
Girard B et al (2010)²⁰	Virtual game Not used 60.4% in 6 months	E-cigarettes led to a significant reduction in nicotine dependence, abstinence and dropout rates.	5/5-4/5
Canada
Tobacco
N = 91
Zanjani F et al (2010)⁴⁹	Brief motivational telephone interview/usual care Participants in the intervention group received a letter to reinforce presence in the continued treatment using motivational components. 22.1% in 6 months	The proposed intervention did not lead to a significant improvement in the results of psychiatric health.	3/5-5/5
United States
Tobacco
N = 113
Eberhard S et al (2009)¹⁵	Motivational telephone interview (1 session-15 min.) Intervention group received feedback at the beginning 12.5% in 6 months	Alcohol consumption reduced to safe levels.	1/5-2/5
Sweden
Alcohol
N = 344
Kavanagh D & Connolly J (2009)³⁰	Letter and telephone: immediate treatment/delayed treatment Not used 52.9% in 12 months	High levels of adherence to treatment and substantial reduction of alcohol use.	5/5-4/5
Australia
Alcohol
N = 204
Kay-Lambkin F et al (2009)³¹	Computerized cognitive behavioral therapy/brief intervention Not used 28.9% in 12 months	Marijuana use and hazardous use of substances reduced with computerized therapy.	4/5-5/5
Australia
Alcohol and marijuana
N = 97
Litt M et al (2009)³³	Individual treatment program (cell phone)/package of cognitive-behavioral therapy Not used 15.5% in 16 weeks	Intervention decreased the days of alcohol intake and increased use of coping strategies.	1/5-2/5
United States
Alcohol and marijuana
N = 110
Brendryen H et al (2008)⁶	Messages via Internet, e-mail and cellular (SMS) (I) X Self-help booklet (C) The proposed intervention already included the method of minimization of abandonment 32.6% in 12 months	Better rates of abstinence from tobacco.	5/5-5/5
Norway
Tobacco
N = 290
El-Khorazaty M et al (2007)¹⁶	Educational intervention and multimodal integrative counseling /usual care Telephone contacts, current contact information, financial incentives, training of staff in the recruitment and implementation of the study, salary support for staff, quick resolution to the problems that the team could have, continuous monitoring of the study 20.0% in 9 months	Specific recruitment and retention strategies increased the rate of minority participation in trials.	2/5-2/5
United States
Polydrug
N = 1.070
Hubbard R et al (2007)²⁶	Telephone group/standard care group Both groups were reminded to enroll in outpatient and continuing care following; reminded of the dates of the calls (I) Not used 29.2% in 13 weeks	Well-developed telephone approaches facilitate the approaches between professional and patient.	4/5-5/5
United States
Polydrug
N = 339
Parker D et al (2007)³⁷	Motivational interview (telephone), incentives, self-help material/incentives and self-help material/self-help material Joining a monetary incentive program (30 days of abstinence confirmed by screening) 30.7% in 6 months (postpartum)	Telephone counseling was well received by pregnant low-income women. The cessation rate was higher among those who received the intervention.	2/5-4/5
United States
Tobacco
N = 1.065
Vidrine D et al (2006)⁴⁷	Telephone/standard care Not used 18.9% in 3 months	Intervention by phone showed greater reduction in anxiety and depression, and increased self-efficacy.	1/5-2/5
United States
Tobacco
N = 95
Currie S et al (2004)¹¹	Individual face-to-face treatment (I) X self-help/telephone support (C) Not used 36.0% X 50.0% in 6 months	Better sleep parameters for both groups and equal levels of lapse and relapse to alcohol.	1/5-2/5
Canada
Alcohol
N = 57
Hall J & Hubert D (2000)²³	Case management/interactive voice response system/control Not used Non-adherence rate not estimated	The use of telemedicine facilitated interaction with customers and decreased costs.	0/5-1/5
United States
Polydrug
N = 230

I: Intervention Group; C: Control Group

^a GRADE study quality scale, Guyatt GH et al (2008).

^b The complete data for the scale are described in Table 3.

^c The complete data for the scale are described in Table 4.