| δ15N1 | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sample | Stage | Tissue | Collection Date | δ13CBulk | Bulk | Alanine | Glycine | Valine | Leucine | Isoleucine | Proline | Serine | Methionine | Glutamic acid | Phenylalanine | TPGlu/Phe2 | 1σ3 | Source4 |
| Higher plant | ||||||||||||||||||
| Brassica oleracea (#1) | – | Leaf | 2008.11 | −32.5 | 4.7 | 0.2 | −6.7 | 5.1 | 3.8 | 3.9 | 9.5 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 5.7 | 13.1 | 1.1 | 0.3 | Ref 2 |
| Brassica oleracea (#2) | – | Leaf | 2011.11 | n.d. | n.d. | 1.7 | −7.0 | 3.7 | 0.7 | 3.4 | 4.6 | −2.1 | n.d. | 2.6 | 9.8 | 1.2 | 0.3 | Ref 2 |
| Brassica oleracea (#3) | – | Leaf | 2011.11 | n.d. | n.d. | 4.3 | −8.0 | 3.4 | −1.2 | −0.8 | 6.3 | −5.5 | n.d. | 3.4 | 11.7 | 1.0 | 0.3 | Ref 2 |
| Daucus carota | – | Leaf | 2011.11 | −30.6 | 5.9 | 8.3 | −2.2 | 8.0 | 4.6 | 7.3 | 7.2 | n.d. | n.d. | 8.2 | 15.7 | 1.1 | 0.3 | Ref 3 |
| Castanea crenata (#1) | – | Leaf | 2008.11 | −30.0 | 0.7 | −2.1 | −12.7 | −0.3 | 0.5 | 1.6 | 4.6 | −4.2 | n.d. | 1.5 | 10.1 | 1.0 | 0.3 | Ref 2 |
| Castanea crenata (#2) | – | Leaf | 2010.11 | −29.3 | 1.8 | 0.7 | −9.8 | 0.2 | −2.4 | −0.7 | 6.2 | n.d. | n.d. | 2.9 | 8.8 | 1.3 | 0.3 | This study |
| Castanea crenata (#3) | – | Nut | 2008.11 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | −14.8 | n.d. | 0.1 | n.d. | 2.9 | −7.2 | n.d. | 0.8 | 8.3 | 1.1 | 0.3 | Ref 2 |
| Citrus unshiu | – | Leaf | 2011.11 | −30.6 | 4.9 | 6.4 | −6.8 | 4.7 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 8.9 | −0.6 | n.d. | 2.8 | 12.4 | 0.8 | 0.3 | Ref 3 |
| Cucurbita moschata | – | Leaf | 2012.8 | −28.3 | 4.3 | 3.9 | −8.6 | 1.0 | −0.6 | 0.1 | 1.0 | −14.5 | n.d. | 2.1 | 10.1 | 1.1 | 0.3 | This study |
| Diospyros kaki Thunberg | – | Leaf | 2012.6 | −29.3 | 2.8 | −1.2 | −4.4 | −1.2 | −2.2 | 0.0 | 0.0 | −3.3 | n.d. | 1.0 | 8.8 | 1.1 | 0.3 | This study |
| Prunus avium | – | Leaf | 2012.6 | −30.1 | 3.8 | 1.9 | −2.9 | 2.9 | 2.1 | 1.2 | 2.9 | −4.3 | n.d. | 3.2 | 11.6 | 1.0 | 0.3 | This study |
| Raphanus sativus | – | Leaf | 2011.11 | −29.8 | 4.0 | −3.6 | −8.4 | −2.9 | −3.8 | −4.3 | 3.3 | −4.9 | n.d. | −2.6 | 5.9 | 1.0 | 0.3 | Ref 3 |
| Solanum lycopersicum | – | Leaf | 2011.11 | −28.5 | 5.2 | 6.2 | −3.6 | 2.0 | 2.9 | 1.3 | 8.6 | −4.0 | n.d. | 2.0 | 10.3 | 1.0 | 0.3 | Ref 3 |
| Solanum melongena | – | Leaf | 2011.11 | −27.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 | −4.6 | 6.8 | 1.3 | −0.2 | 15.1 | 5.1 | n.d. | 7.2 | 17.0 | 0.8 | 0.4 | Ref 3 |
| Solanum tuberosum | – | Leaf | 2011.11 | −29.5 | −2.8 | −2.4 | −12.1 | −2.0 | −5.7 | −3.5 | −2.0 | n.d. | n.d. | −6.3 | 4.1 | 0.7 | 0.4 | Ref 3 |
| Aphid | ||||||||||||||||||
| Aphidoidea sp. | Adult | Whole | 2011.11 | −21.8 | 2.2 | 5.5 | 2.9 | 7.1 | 3.6 | 5.1 | 10.4 | 1.2 | n.d. | 8.1 | 8.9 | 2.0 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Butterfly | ||||||||||||||||||
| Hestina assimilis | Adult | Whole | 2011.8 | n.d. | n.d. | 3.9 | 3.9 | 13.6 | 12.6 | 15.7 | 17.0 | 3.1 | 2.1 | 10.5 | 11.7 | 2.0 | 0.2 | This study |
| Papilio machaon (#1) | Adult | Whole | 2011.9 | −27.3 | 2.8 | 9.1 | 2.4 | 11.8 | 3.6 | 9.5 | 14.7 | 7.5 | 1.7 | 11.0 | 12.5 | 1.9 | 0.3 | This study |
| Papilio protenor | Adult | Leg | 2012.9 | −29.1 | 6.0 | 12.6 | 6.6 | 8.5 | 7.2 | 10.2 | 19.1 | 6.8 | n.d. | 13.6 | 14.7 | 2.0 | 0.2 | This study |
| Pieris rapae (#1) | Larva | Whole | 2008.11 | −29.6 | 1.9 | 6.6 | −0.4 | 8.2 | 7.0 | 8.9 | 16.3 | 3.7 | 1.6 | 13.0 | 13.4 | 2.0 | 0.2 | Ref 2 |
| Pieris rapae (#2) | Larva | Whole | 2008.11 | −26.9 | 1.9 | 5.3 | −2.7 | 7.4 | 6.5 | 8.5 | 14.3 | 2.3 | 1.0 | 14.6 | 13.6 | 2.2 | 0.2 | Ref 2 |
| Pieris rapae (#3) | Larva | Whole | 2011.11 | n.d. | n.d. | 9.1 | 0.1 | 9.6 | 2.7 | 7.0 | 13.1 | 1.6 | n.d. | 10.6 | 9.5 | 2.2 | 0.2 | This study |
| Pieris rapae (#4) | Larva | Whole | 2011.11 | n.d. | n.d. | 8.3 | 0.8 | 6.5 | 2.4 | 4.6 | 11.8 | 1.5 | n.d. | 9.9 | 11.9 | 1.8 | 0.3 | This study |
| Pieris rapae (#5) | Adult | Whole | 2011.5 | −30.5 | 1.6 | 7.7 | 5.1 | 6.8 | 4.0 | 11.2 | 12.2 | 0.9 | −7.5 | 4.8 | 5.3 | 2.0 | 0.2 | This study |
| Pieris rapae (#6) | Adult | Whole | 2011.5 | n.d. | n.d. | 5.2 | 3.1 | 8.6 | 6.4 | 10.5 | 12.7 | 1.0 | 0.1 | 6.7 | 6.4 | 2.1 | 0.2 | This study |
| Bee | ||||||||||||||||||
| Apis mellifera (#1) | Adult | Whole | 2009.8 | −26.8 | 1.6 | 4.8 | 6.5 | 6.4 | 0.9 | 3.2 | 15.0 | 2.8 | 1.4 | 8.0 | 9.1 | 2.0 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Apis mellifera (#2) | Adult | Whole | 2009.8 | n.d. | n.d. | 4.1 | 3.4 | 3.2 | −0.2 | 0.2 | 10.1 | 0.9 | n.d. | 7.3 | 7.2 | 2.1 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Apis mellifera (#3) | Adult | Whole | 2009.8 | n.d. | n.d. | 6.3 | 6.9 | 7.5 | 5.8 | 5.5 | 20.8 | n.d. | 3.0 | 11.7 | 11.6 | 2.1 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Bombus diversus diversus (#1) | Adult | Whole | 2010.10 | −26.9 | 2.2 | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.0 | −0.8 | 0.3 | 12.2 | n.d. | −0.7 | 6.9 | 5.7 | 2.3 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Bombus diversus diversus (#2) | Adult | Whole | 2012.5 | n.d. | n.d. | 5.1 | 0.0 | 4.3 | 3.2 | 5.2 | 4.1 | −1.1 | n.d. | 6.7 | 6.7 | 2.1 | 0.2 | This study |
| Xylocopa appendiculata (#1) | Adult | Whole | 2009.8 | −25.0 | 5.1 | 9.8 | 10.3 | 11.1 | 11.5 | 7.8 | 19.1 | 6.0 | −1.1 | 12.3 | 12.6 | 2.1 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Xylocopa appendiculata (#2) | Adult | Whole | 2012.4 | n.d. | n.d. | 6.3 | 4.2 | 9.4 | 5.0 | 1.0 | 17.2 | 4.2 | −1.9 | 8.8 | 8.8 | 2.1 | 0.2 | This study |
| Katydid | ||||||||||||||||||
| Gampsocleis mikado | Adult | Leg | 2012.9 | −26.2 | 2.0 | 5.5 | −0.3 | 5.0 | 3.0 | 9.7 | n.d. | n.d. | −2.7 | 8.8 | 4.9 | 2.6 | 0.2 | This study |
| Holochlora japonica | Adult | Whole | 2011.11 | −26.4 | 9.1 | 9.7 | 4.5 | 11.2 | 9.5 | 12.4 | 15.6 | 1.8 | 1.2 | 12.1 | 11.9 | 2.1 | 0.2 | This study |
| Paper wasp | ||||||||||||||||||
| Polistes japonicus japonicus (#1) | Egg | Whole | 2010.8 | −27.2 | 4.9 | 7.9 | −1.0 | 16.4 | 7.6 | 10.0 | 16.7 | −1.6 | 0.0 | 19.9 | 14.1 | 2.9 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Polistes japonicus japonicus (#2) | Larva | Whole | 2010.8 | −29.7 | 1.6 | 4.2 | 2.1 | 15.7 | 2.1 | 5.1 | 14.0 | 0.0 | −1.5 | 16.8 | 9.9 | 3.0 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Polistes japonicus japonicus (#3) | Larva | Whole | 2010.8 | −30.1 | 1.1 | 4.6 | 1.0 | 14.4 | 1.4 | 5.0 | 13.6 | −0.6 | −3.4 | 17.3 | 8.7 | 3.2 | 0.3 | Ref 3 |
| Polistes japonicus japonicus (#4) | Chrysalis | Whole | 2010.8 | −29.4 | 1.4 | 3.6 | 1.5 | 16.4 | 5.2 | 7.4 | 17.5 | −0.5 | n.d. | 17.3 | 10.2 | 3.0 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Polistes japonicus japonicus (#5) | Chrysalis | Whole | 2010.8 | −28.6 | 2.6 | 8.8 | 2.2 | 15.6 | 3.7 | 5.2 | 15.9 | −0.5 | n.d. | 18.6 | 11.2 | 3.1 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Polistes japonicus japonicus (#6) | Newly-emerged | Whole | 2010.8 | −28.8 | 2.7 | 9.0 | 1.2 | 14.0 | 8.1 | 8.9 | 17.0 | −4.1 | −0.4 | 17.7 | 12.0 | 2.9 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Polistes jokahamae jokahamae (#1) | Egg | Whole | 2012.7 | −29.3 | 4.5 | 10.9 | 6.5 | 10.8 | 5.8 | 6.1 | 14.1 | n.d. | n.d. | 12.7 | 6.6 | 2.9 | 0.2 | This study |
| Polistes jokahamae jokahamae (#2) | Larva | Whole | 2012.7 | −28.7 | 2.4 | 14.3 | 0.9 | 10.7 | 8.7 | 10.3 | 12.0 | n.d. | n.d. | 13.7 | 5.6 | 3.2 | 0.2 | This study |
| Polistes jokahamae jokahamae (#3) | Adult | Whole | 2012.7 | −29.9 | 3.9 | 13.7 | 3.0 | 10.5 | 10.4 | 8.9 | 8.8 | n.d. | n.d. | 13.1 | 5.4 | 3.1 | 0.2 | This study |
| Polistes mandarinus | Adult | Leg | 2012.11 | −23.7 | 5.5 | 7.6 | 8.0 | 9.8 | 8.8 | 18.9 | 16.1 | 7.3 | n.d. | 12.2 | 5.9 | 2.9 | 0.2 | This study |
| Polistes rothneyi iwatai (#1) | Egg | Whole | 2008.8 | −26.1 | 7.2 | 9.0 | 5.1 | 16.2 | 10.6 | 13.5 | 18.2 | 10.1 | n.d. | 22.5 | 13.2 | 3.3 | 0.3 | Ref 3 |
| Polistes rothneyi iwatai (#2) | Larva | Whole | 2008.8 | −27.4 | 4.6 | 7.4 | 2.7 | 14.3 | 8.2 | 12.3 | 16.3 | 4.3 | n.d. | 20.7 | 13.7 | 3.0 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Polistes rothneyi iwatai (#3) | Larva | Whole | 2008.8 | −27.2 | 5.5 | 8.0 | 0.9 | 16.0 | 9.8 | 13.6 | 17.9 | 1.2 | n.d. | 20.9 | 13.5 | 3.1 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Polistes rothneyi iwatai (#4) | Larva | Whole | 2008.8 | −27.2 | 5.2 | 8.3 | 5.5 | 15.3 | 9.0 | 13.9 | 18.4 | 5.8 | n.d. | 19.8 | 13.5 | 2.9 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Polistes rothneyi iwatai (#5) | Chrysalis | Whole | 2008.8 | −29.6 | 5.5 | 7.3 | 2.7 | 14.3 | 10.6 | 12.2 | 17.3 | −0.3 | n.d. | 20.3 | 12.9 | 3.1 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Polistes rothneyi iwatai (#6) | Chrysalis | Whole | 2008.8 | −28.6 | 5.5 | 6.0 | 3.3 | 15.1 | 10.0 | 14.2 | 18.1 | 0.8 | n.d. | 19.5 | 12.0 | 3.1 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Polistes rothneyi iwatai (#7) | Chrysalis | Whole | 2008.8 | −29.8 | 5.4 | 8.6 | 3.2 | 14.0 | 10.9 | 13.7 | 18.4 | 3.8 | n.d. | 20.5 | 13.6 | 3.0 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Polistes rothneyi iwatai (#8) | Chrysalis | Whole | 2008.8 | −28.1 | 4.9 | 9.5 | 8.5 | 15.9 | 12.0 | 15.3 | 16.5 | 1.6 | n.d. | 21.1 | 14.4 | 3.0 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Polistes rothneyi iwatai (#9) | Chrysalis | Whole | 2008.8 | −28.4 | 4.9 | 7.8 | 6.4 | 15.6 | 8.4 | 13.8 | 18.2 | 4.7 | n.d. | 19.6 | 13.5 | 2.9 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Polistes rothneyi iwatai (#10) | Chrysalis | Whole | 2008.8 | −28.2 | 4.9 | 6.4 | 10.0 | 16.7 | 12.5 | 15.6 | 16.7 | 0.5 | n.d. | 22.0 | 14.9 | 3.0 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Polistes rothneyi iwatai (#11) | Newly-emerged | Whole | 2008.8 | −28.4 | 2.4 | 5.5 | 1.2 | 11.7 | 9.7 | 10.9 | 14.2 | −0.6 | n.d. | 14.1 | 8.3 | 2.9 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Polistes rothneyi iwatai (#12) | Adult | Whole | 2008.8 | −26.8 | 5.5 | 12.2 | 8.4 | 9.0 | 5.6 | 5.6 | n.d. | 3.0 | 5.7 | 11.3 | 6.2 | 2.8 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Polistes rothneyi iwatai (#13) | Adult | Whole | 2009.8 | n.d. | n.d. | 6.1 | 5.5 | 8.8 | 7.5 | 11.0 | 12.6 | 4.0 | −1.8 | 14.3 | 6.1 | 3.2 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Polistes rothneyi iwatai (#14) | Adult | Whole | 2009.8 | n.d. | n.d. | 5.9 | 4.5 | 8.6 | 5.6 | 8.6 | 13.6 | 3.0 | 2.7 | 15.9 | 8.4 | 3.1 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Parapolybia indica (#1) | Larva | Whole | 2010.8 | −27.7 | 3.5 | 6.5 | 4.9 | 9.5 | 6.6 | 8.2 | 15.9 | 3.5 | n.d. | 14.9 | 9.1 | 2.9 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Parapolybia indica (#2) | Larva | Whole | 2010.8 | −28.5 | 2.5 | 7.6 | 7.5 | 11.6 | 3.5 | 6.3 | 15.7 | 2.8 | n.d. | 13.8 | 6.3 | 3.1 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Parapolybia indica (#3) | Larva | Whole | 2010.8 | −28.6 | 1.3 | 7.6 | 8.6 | 10.5 | 4.5 | 5.5 | 14.0 | 2.5 | n.d. | 12.0 | 5.1 | 3.0 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Parapolybia indica (#4) | Chrysalis | Whole | 2010.8 | −28.4 | 3.7 | 8.0 | 8.4 | 11.1 | 6.0 | 9.6 | 16.2 | 2.6 | n.d. | 16.8 | 11.2 | 2.8 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Parapolybia indica (#5) | Chrysalis | Whole | 2010.8 | −28.3 | 4.0 | 8.2 | 7.9 | 12.2 | 4.7 | 6.7 | 15.9 | 1.3 | n.d. | 12.7 | 4.8 | 3.1 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Parapolybia indica (#6) | Chrysalis | Whole | 2010.8 | −27.6 | 3.3 | 7.6 | 5.8 | 11.4 | 5.9 | 7.2 | 13.9 | 3.4 | n.d. | 9.6 | 3.0 | 3.0 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Parapolybia indica (#7) | Chrysalis | Whole | 2010.8 | −28.7 | 1.4 | 6.9 | 5.6 | 10.0 | 6.9 | 7.2 | 19.5 | 7.7 | n.d. | 10.0 | 4.4 | 2.8 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Parapolybia indica (#8) | Newly-emerged | Whole | 2010.8 | −27.4 | 4.9 | 6.0 | 2.7 | 9.8 | 9.5 | 9.1 | 15.5 | 2.6 | n.d. | 14.9 | 8.2 | 3.0 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Parapolybia indica (#9) | Adult | Whole | 2010.8 | −27.5 | 4.3 | 7.8 | 6.2 | 10.0 | 6.9 | 8.4 | 15.9 | 5.4 | n.d. | 15.6 | 8.8 | 3.0 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Ant | ||||||||||||||||||
| Formica japonica | Adult | Whole | 2010.8 | n.d. | n.d. | 12.7 | 11.0 | 18.8 | 8.3 | 11.0 | 12.4 | n.d. | n.d. | 12.2 | 5.4 | 3.0 | 0.2 | This study |
| Ladybird beetle | ||||||||||||||||||
| Coccinella septempunctata (#1) | Adult | Whole | 2011.5 | −27.6 | 9.1 | 8.0 | 5.9 | 7.5 | 5.8 | 8.1 | 16.8 | 3.3 | 0.2 | 10.1 | 3.5 | 3.0 | 0.2 | This study |
| Coccinella septempunctata (#2) | Adult | Whole | 2011.10 | n.d. | n.d. | 8.5 | 6.6 | 7.7 | 6.8 | 8.4 | 19.0 | n.d. | n.d. | 10.8 | 3.6 | 3.0 | 0.2 | This study |
| Harmonia axyridis (#1) | Larva | Whole | 2011.11 | −26.5 | 6.4 | 10.8 | 8.4 | 9.4 | 4.9 | 9.1 | 18.7 | 3.7 | n.d. | 16.5 | 9.0 | 3.1 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Harmonia axyridis (#2) | Chrysalis | Whole | 2011.11 | −29.0 | 4.7 | 10.2 | 7.9 | 10.1 | 5.0 | 7.8 | 15.0 | 3.7 | n.d. | 16.6 | 9.4 | 3.1 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Harmonia axyridis (#3) | Adult | Whole | 2011.11 | −28.6 | 7.4 | 10.9 | 11.7 | 9.8 | 7.4 | 8.8 | 23.0 | 6.6 | n.d. | 14.2 | 6.9 | 3.1 | 0.2 | Ref 3 |
| Harmonia axyridis (#4) | Adult | Whole | 2012.4 | n.d. | n.d. | 10.1 | 6.5 | 2.3 | 3.6 | 5.1 | 18.9 | −9.1 | n.d. | 10.3 | 4.0 | 2.9 | 0.2 | This study |
| Harmonia axyridis (#5) | Adult | Whole | 2012.4 | n.d. | n.d. | 10.9 | 6.7 | 5.4 | 4.4 | 4.4 | 19.1 | 1.4 | n.d. | 10.6 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 0.2 | This study |
| Harmonia axyridis (#6) | Adult | Whole | 2012.4 | n.d. | n.d. | 7.7 | 5.3 | 3.9 | 4.3 | 6.2 | 5.9 | −8.4 | 10.5 | 2.8 | 3.1 | 0.2 | This study | |
| Harmonia axyridis (#6) | Adult | Whole | 2012.4 | n.d. | n.d. | 13.0 | 10.2 | 4.2 | −0.1 | −0.9 | 19.1 | n.d. | n.d. | 11.9 | 4.2 | 3.1 | 0.2 | This study |
| Illeis koebelei (#1) | Adult | Whole | 2012.10 | n.d. | n.d. | 10.8 | 6.7 | 5.6 | 5.6 | 8.6 | 19.1 | 3.0 | n.d. | 12.7 | 5.5 | 3.1 | 0.2 | This study |
| Illeis koebelei (#2) | Adult | Whole | 2012.10 | n.d. | n.d. | 10.4 | 6.5 | 9.3 | 6.5 | 8.8 | 19.4 | −1.1 | n.d. | 12.0 | 5.5 | 3.0 | 0.2 | This study |
| Illeis koebelei (#3) | Adult | Whole | 2012.11 | n.d. | n.d. | 11.2 | 5.3 | 8.9 | 7.4 | 14.0 | 20.3 | n.d. | n.d. | 13.6 | 7.1 | 3.0 | 0.2 | This study |
| Illeis koebelei (#4) | Adult | Whole | 2012.11 | n.d. | n.d. | 14.8 | 9.7 | 13.9 | 9.2 | 14.5 | n.d. | 6.7 | 1.5 | 17.0 | 8.5 | 3.2 | 0.3 | This study |
| Illeis koebelei (#5) | Adult | Whole | 2012.11 | n.d. | n.d. | 12.6 | 6.0 | 12.2 | 6.3 | 10.4 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 14.1 | 6.8 | 3.1 | 0.2 | This study |
| Menochilus sexmaculatus (#1) | Adult | Whole | 2012.4 | n.d. | n.d. | 8.4 | 2.8 | 5.5 | 8.0 | 9.4 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 8.8 | 1.6 | 3.1 | 0.2 | This study |
| Menochilus sexmaculatus (#2) | Adult | Whole | 2012.4 | n.d. | n.d. | 10.3 | 6.3 | 10.3 | 11.4 | 10.3 | n.d. | n.d. | n.d. | 12.1 | 4.1 | 3.2 | 0.2 | This study |
| Mantid | ||||||||||||||||||
| Tenodera aridifolia | Adult | Wing | 2012.9 | n.d. | n.d. | 9.5 | 7.0 | 11.0 | 8.9 | 11.0 | 20.7 | n.d. | n.d. | 14.4 | 5.9 | 3.2 | 0.3 | This study |
| Hornet | ||||||||||||||||||
| Vespa analis fabriciusi (#1) | Egg | Whole | 2011.6 | −25.7 | 6.8 | 16.9 | 13.3 | 20.0 | 13.7 | 18.5 | 23.5 | 7.7 | 0.5 | 20.3 | 7.4 | 3.8 | 0.3 | This study |
| Vespa analis fabriciusi (#2) | Larva | Whole | 2011.6 | −25.6 | 4.9 | 13.4 | 13.0 | 18.0 | 11.7 | 17.2 | 18.5 | 7.1 | 0.6 | 18.4 | 7.4 | 3.6 | 0.3 | This study |
| Vespa analis fabriciusi (#3) | Larva | Whole | 2011.6 | −25.6 | 4.5 | 12.9 | 14.0 | 16.9 | 11.4 | 16.2 | 18.5 | 6.7 | 0.4 | 18.8 | 7.1 | 3.6 | 0.3 | This study |
| Vespa analis fabriciusi (#4) | Larva | Whole | 2011.6 | −25.7 | 3.7 | 11.4 | 13.7 | 15.7 | 7.8 | 14.3 | 16.5 | 4.9 | −1.3 | 14.5 | 3.6 | 3.5 | 0.3 | This study |
| Vespa analis fabriciusi (#5) | Chrysalis | Whole | 2011.6 | −26.6 | 4.7 | 13.4 | 14.6 | 18.6 | 9.9 | 16.6 | 18.8 | 6.0 | n.d. | 17.6 | 6.1 | 3.6 | 0.3 | This study |
| Vespa analis fabriciusi (#6) | Chrysalis | Whole | 2011.6 | −26.1 | 5.0 | 14.3 | 13.4 | 17.7 | 12.1 | 19.1 | 20.0 | 8.3 | n.d. | 16.6 | 6.0 | 3.5 | 0.3 | This study |
| Vespa analis fabriciusi (#7) | Newly-emerged | Whole | 2011.6 | −26.2 | 5.0 | 15.4 | 15.7 | 19.9 | 14.5 | 17.0 | 23.5 | 14.0 | −0.3 | 17.7 | 6.3 | 3.6 | 0.3 | This study |
| Vespa ducalis pulchra (#1) | Adult | Whole | 2009.8 | −25.8 | 5.4 | 7.6 | 5.4 | 19.9 | 10.7 | 13.2 | 19.1 | 4.5 | n.d. | 21.4 | 7.7 | 3.9 | 0.3 | Ref 3 |
| Vespa ducalis pulchra (#2) | Adult | Whole | 2009.8 | n.d. | n.d. | 10.7 | 9.5 | 17.2 | 10.1 | 13.2 | 20.6 | 6.8 | n.d. | 23.5 | 8.8 | 4.0 | 0.3 | Ref 3 |
| Vespa ducalis pulchra (#3) | Adult | Whole | 2009.8 | n.d. | n.d. | 10.0 | 4.5 | 14.8 | 11.0 | 15.5 | 16.1 | 3.0 | n.d. | 22.6 | 7.4 | 4.1 | 0.3 | Ref 3 |
| Vespa mandarinia japonica (#1) | Adult | Whole | 2010.10 | −26.8 | 4.5 | 13.2 | −0.2 | 16.8 | 6.6 | 8.5 | 15.3 | 0.6 | 1.0 | 18.5 | 8.0 | 3.5 | 0.3 | Ref 3 |
| Vespa mandarinia japonica (#2) | Adult | Whole | 2012.7 | n.d. | n.d. | 19.0 | 1.1 | 22.2 | 13.8 | 10.5 | 24.3 | 2.1 | −0.1 | 20.6 | 11.6 | 3.3 | 0.3 | This study |
| Vespa mandarinia japonica (#3) | Adult | Whole | 2012.7 | n.d. | n.d. | 23.4 | 6.5 | 22.7 | 14.7 | 11.5 | 30.0 | 3.2 | 5.3 | 25.3 | 13.6 | 3.6 | 0.3 | This study |
| Vespa simillima xanthoptera | Adult | Whole | 2009.8 | −25.6 | 4.9 | 12.0 | 7.0 | 12.2 | 7.2 | 10.2 | 18.3 | 3.6 | n.d. | 20.1 | 9.4 | 3.5 | 0.3 | Ref 3 |
| Vespula flaviceps lewisii | Adult | Whole | 2010.10 | −24.6 | 5.6 | 12.3 | 5.6 | 16.6 | 7.2 | 10.0 | n.d. | 5.9 | n.d. | 20.0 | 9.7 | 3.5 | 0.3 | Ref 3 |
n.d.: Not determined.
1
The δ15N value was determined by single analysis for each sample.
2
TPGlu/Phe = (δ15NGlu − δ15NPhe + 8.4)/7.6 + 1.
3
Propagation error on the TPGlu/Phe value based on 1σ on the δ15N measurement of amino acids in this study and 1σ on the β and TDF values reported in Chikaraishi et al. 2010.