Table 3.
Mediational Effects: Percent of Each Sexual Orientation-Drug Relation (Lifetime and Past Year) Jointly Explained by the Hypothesized Mediators (Attachment and Maternal Affection) (N = 5,647).
| Exposure effect unadjusted for the hypothesized mediators | Exposure effect adjusted for attachment and maternal affection | Percent of effect jointly explained by attachment and maternal affection | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | B | C | ||
| Adj OR (95% CI) | Adj OR (95% CI) | Percent (95% CI) | ||
| Lifetime Substance Use | ||||
| Smoking At Least 100 Cigarettes | ||||
| Lesbian/Gay | 1.95 (1.24, 3.08)* | 1.80 (1.12, 2.90)* | 12.60 (–4.11, 29.31) | |
| Bisexual | 3.82 (2.47, 5.89)*** | 3.53 (2.28, 5.47)*** | 6.43 (0.52, 12.35)* | |
| Mostly heterosexual | 2.18 (1.80, 2.64)*** | 2.04 (1.67, 2.48)*** | 9.50 (3.73, 15.27)** | |
| Any Illicit Non-Marijuana Drug Use | ||||
| Lesbian/Gay | 1.78 (1.09, 2.91)* | 1.62 (0.99, 2.66) | 16.60 (–3.02, 36.21) | |
| Bisexual | 5.43 (3.44, 8.56)*** | 4.98 (3.11, 7.97)*** | 5.58 (0.92, 10.23)* | |
| Mostly heterosexual | 2.94 (2.41, 3.58)*** | 2.74 (2.23, 3.35)*** | 7.15 (3.36, 10.93)** | |
| Any Prescription Drug Misuse | ||||
| Lesbian/Gay | 1.50 (0.96, 2.35) | 1.40 (0.89, 2.21) | 16.79 (–7.80, 41.37) | |
| Bisexual | 3.38 (2.19, 5.23)*** | 3.17 (2.04, 4.93)*** | 5.69 (0.60, 10.77)* | |
| Mostly heterosexual | 2.16 (1.78, 2.62)*** | 2.05 (1.69, 2.49)*** | 7.36 (2.88, 11.84)** | |
| Past-Year Substance Use | ||||
| Any Cigarette Smoking | ||||
| Lesbian/Gay | 2.51 (1.65, 3.79)*** | 2.33 (1.51, 3.58)** | 8.15 (–0.50, 16.80) | |
| Bisexual | 2.47 (1.57, 3.88)*** | 2.29 (1.45, 3.61)** | 8.56 (0.52, 16.60)* | |
| Mostly heterosexual | 2.07 (1.70, 2.53)*** | 1.94 (1.58, 2.38)*** | 9.21 (3.90, 14.52)** | |
| Any Marijuana Use | ||||
| Lesbian/Gay | 2.01 (1.26, 3.21)** | 1.90 (1.18, 3.06)** | 8.04 (–1.72, 17.79) | |
| Bisexual | 2.91 (1.76, 4.79)*** | 2.76 (1.68, 4.53)*** | 5.02 (–0.06, 10.09) | |
| Mostly heterosexual | 2.34 (1.91, 2.85)*** | 2.27 (1.85, 2.77)*** | 4.92 (1.32, 8.51)** | |
| Any Illicit Non-Marijuana Drug Use | ||||
| Lesbian/Gay | 2.67 (1.57, 4.52)** | 2.42 (1.41, 4.14)** | 10.08 (–0.96, 21.11) | |
| Bisexual | 2.98 (1.73, 5.15)*** | 2.83 (1.64, 4.89)** | 5.13 (–2.56, 12.51) | |
| Mostly heterosexual | 2.54 (1.98, 3.25)*** | 2.39 (1.85, 3.08)*** | 6.86 (1.88, 11.84)** | |
| Any Prescription Drug Misuse | ||||
| Lesbian/Gay | 1.37 (0.81, 2.34) | 1.27 (0.74, 2.18) | 24.46 (–22.30, 71.23) | |
| Bisexual | 1.78 (1.08, 2.93)* | 1.68 (1.02, 2.79)* | 9.69 (–3.34, 22.72) | |
| Mostly heterosexual | 1.66 (1.33, 2.08)*** | 1.58 (1.27, 1.98)*** | 10.41 (2.49, 18.32)** | |
Note. Column A: Adjusted for sibling clustering, age, sex, race/ethnicity, maternal discomfort with homosexuality, childhood gender nonconforming behaviors, and depressive distress. Past-year substance use outcomes also adjusted for substance use (2005). Column B: Attachment and maternal affection were jointly added to the models. Column C: shows the “percent of effect” (PEE) and estimates the percentage of mediation in the relation between sexual orientation in 2005 and substance use in 2007 provided by attachment and maternal affection. The exact p-value is the probability of rejecting a null hypothesis of zero PEE or no mediation by attachment and maternal affection. The referent for each sexual-orientation category is completely heterosexual. Adj. OR = adjusted odds ratio. 95% CI = 95% confidence interval. Binge drinking does not appear because there were no sexual-orientation disparities to mediate once controls were imposed for covariates.
p<0.05
p<0.01
p<0.0001