Figure 3. Copper supplementation enhances the cytotoxic effect of DSF.

A, VCaP cells were treated for 72 hr. with increasing concentrations of DSF alone or in the presence of 0.1 µM CuSO₄. Copper supplementation enhances the cytocidal effect of DSF and treatment with the copper chelator BCS reversed the anti-proliferative effect of DSF alone or when in the presence of copper. B, LNCaP cells were treated for 72 hr. with increasing concentrations of the copper chelator TTM. Copper supplementation reverses the anti-proliferative effect of TTM. LNCaP cells (C), 22RV1 (D), and PC3 (E) prostate cancer cells were treated for 72 hr. with increasing concentration of DSF. Co-treatment with 0.1 µM of CuSO₄ enhances the cytocidal effect of DSF. F, VCaP cells were treated with increasing concentration of DSF alone or in the presence of copper. Co-treatment with excess of Ag⁺NO3⁺ reverses the cytotoxic effects of DSF.