Table 2.
Comparison of responsiveness between fathers and mothers with independent infants to the different stimulus tests
| Males | Females | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mean | (SD) | Mean | (SD) | U | P | Cohen's d | ||
| OV | Latency | 569.3 | (75.11) | 600.0 | -- | 15.0 | 0.699 | −0.547 |
| Frequency | 300.5 | (97.2) | 225.6 | (105.0) | 13.0 | 0.484 | 0.317 | |
| Time | 101.0 | (127.7) | 117.3 | (202.1) | 18.0 | 1.000 | −0.096 | |
| UV | Latency | 600.0 | -- | 600.0 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Frequency | 202.5 | (132.5) | 139.3 | (70.4) | 12.0 | 0.393 | 0.288 | |
| Time | 112.8 | (125.7) | 101.5 | (230.6) | 16.5 | 0.818 | 0.060 | |
| OO | Latency | 586.1 | (33.8) | 600.0 | -- | 15.0 | 0.699 | −0.247 |
| Frequency | 69.0 | (71.7) | 72.1 | (64.7) | 15.0 | 0.699 | −0.039 | |
| Time | 97.1 | (188.5) | 108 | (230.6) | 18.0 | 1.000 | −0.051 | |
| UO | Latency | 600.0 | -- | 600.0 | -- | -- | -- | -- |
| Frequency | 64.1 | (46.5) | 54.1 | (42.9) | 9.50 | 0.179 | 0.577 | |
| Time | 34.6 | (84.9) | 124.8 | (169.3) | 18.0 | 0.588 | −0.673 | |
Stimuli were own infant vocalization (OV), unfamiliar infant vocalization (UV), own infant odour (OO) and unfamiliar infant odour (UO). Mann–Whitney U tests were used to compare responses between the sexes. Cohen's d for effect size in comparison of two means is reported. All Ps two tailed. Latency= latency of stimulus exploratory behaviour. Frequency= frequency of investigatory behaviour (the combined frequency of stimulus oriented, stimulus exploratory, enter bridge, enter stimulus cage and enter stimulus nestbox). Time= time spent near the stimulus (the combined time in the bridge, stimulus chamber and stimulus nestbox).