Table 1. Prospective biomarker cohort, nested within the Scarecrow trial (2001–2004).
| Biomarker cohort | Non-biomarker cohort | P Value* | |
| (n = 50) | (n = 151) | ||
| Age (years) | 63.0±8.3 | 64.2±9.5 | 0.43 |
| Female | 6 (12.0) | 34 (22.5) | 0.11 |
| Weight (kg) | 87.7±12.9 | 88.3±14.9 | 0.83 |
| Height (cm) | 172.5±9.3 | 172.8±8.8 | 0.87 |
| Body-mass index (kg/m2) | 29.5±3.8 | 29.5±4.2 | 0.95 |
| History of vascular disease | 8 (16.0) | 34 (22.5) | 0.33 |
| History of diabetes mellitus | 17 (34.0) | 49 (32.5) | 0.84 |
| History of COPD | 3 (6.0) | 13 (8.6) | 0.56 |
| History of smoking | 10 (20.0) | 28 (18.5) | 0.82 |
| Charlson comorbidity index | 0.62±0.70 | 0.77±0.92 | 0.28 |
| Myocardial infarction† | 8 (16.0) | 17 (11.3) | 0.38 |
| Unstable angina at admission | 35 (70.0) | 88 (58.3) | 0.14 |
| Two-vessel disease | 18 (36.0) | 43 (28.5) | 0.32 |
| Three-vessel disease | 27 (54.0) | 85 (56.3) | 0.78 |
| Left-ventricular ejection fraction (%)‡ | 61.4±10.8 | 58.9±13.3 | 0.25 |
| Troponin T at 24 hours (ng/dl) | 0.62±0.61 | 0.58±1.01 | 0.77 |
| NYHA class (I-IV)§ | 1.70±0.83 | 1.75±0.85 | 0.75 |
| Serum creatinine (mg/dl) | 1.05±0.24 | 1.15±0.73 | 0.33 |
| β-blocker | 39 (78.0) | 112 (74.2) | 0.59 |
| ACE-inhibitor | 11 (22.0) | 49 (32.5) | 0.16 |
| Ca2+ channel blocker | 11 (22.0) | 24 (15.9) | 0.32 |
| Acetylsalicylic acid† | 39 (78.0) | 106 (70.2) | 0.29 |
| Randomized to off-pump procedure | 23 (46.0) | 76 (50.3) | 0.60 |
| Underwent off-pump procedure | 21 (42.0) | 70 (46.4) | 0.59 |
| Urgent priority procedure | 30 (60.0) | 95 (62.9) | 0.71 |
| Time from baseline to procedure (days) | 3.1±3.6 | 2.6±3.3 | 0.34 |
| Time from procedure to discharge (days) | 6.0±2.6 | 7.3±4.9 | 0.08 |
| BDI-II (score), baseline (n = 42; n = 145) | 8.2±5.6 | 9.6±6.9 | 0.23 |
| BDI-II (score), discharge (n = 40; n = 121) | 7.2±4.3 | 9.8±6.7 | 0.026 |
| BDI-II (score), 6 months (n = 26; n = 105) | 6.9±5.5 | 7.8±7.4 | 0.59 |
| BDI-II (score), acute Δ (n = 39; n = 120)|| | −0.7±4.6 | 0.0±5.4 | 0.43 |
| BDI-II (score), delayed Δ (n = 25; n = 104)¶ | −0.5±4.8 | −1.8±5.7 | 0.29 |
Values are arithmetic mean ± standard deviation for continuous data, and frequency (percentage) for categorical data. The Scarecrow trial compared CABG performed with vs. without cardiopulmonary bypass for the risk of postoperative neurocognitive decline (defined as a ≥20% reduction on ≥20% of 19 psychometrics) among 201 patients at Eastern Maine Medical Center. Abbreviations: ACE = angiotensin-converting enzyme. CABG = coronary artery bypass grafting. COPD = chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. hs-CRP = high-sensitivity C-reactive protein. NYHA = New York Heart Association. S-100B = S-100 calcium-binding protein B.
*Two-tailed Student t test for continuous data; χ2 test for categorical data.
Within 7 days before the index procedure.
Missing data for: n = 3; n = 19.
Missing data for: n = 3; n = 3.
Acute Δ refers to the primary outcome, acute change in depressive symptom severity, defined as the intra-subject difference between BDI-II scores at baseline and discharge.
Delayed Δ refers to the secondary outcome, delayed change in depressive symptom severity, defined as the intra-subject difference between BDI-II scores at baseline and six-month follow-up.