Table 2. Socio-demographic data of enrolled subjects.
| Cch (n = 198) | DES & non-Cch (n = 86) | normal controls (n = 76) | P value | |
| gender | 0.381 | |||
| male | 75 (37.9%) | 32 (37.2%) | 37 (48.7%) | |
| female | 123 (62.1%) | 54 (62.8%) | 39 (51.3%) | |
| age | 0.549 | |||
| average | 64.6±11.6 | 62.8±11.4 | 61.5±9.6 | |
| range | 41–92 | 41–88 | 41–85 | |
| marital status | 0.376 | |||
| married | 163 (82.3%) | 64 (74.4%) | 56 (73.7%) | |
| single | 32 (17.7%) | 22 (25.6%) | 20 (26.3%) | |
| occupation | 0.013 * | |||
| employed | 38 (19.2%) | 29 (33.7%) a | 19 (25.0%) | |
| unemployed | 3 (1.5%) | 3 (3.5%) | 2 (2.6%) | |
| retired | 157 (79.3%) | 54 (62.8%) | 55 (72.4%) | |
| education | 0.003 † | |||
| illiterate | 8 (4.0%) | 2 (2.3%) | 4 (5.3%) | |
| primary school | 28 (14.1%) | 10 (11.7%) | 8 (10.5%) | |
| middle school | 130 (65.7%) | 66 (76.7%) | 51 (67.1%) | |
| college or above | 32 (16.2%) | 8 (9.3%) b | 13 (17.1%) | |
| smoking habits | 0.486 | |||
| non-smokers | 169 (85.4%) | 74 (86.0%) | 69 (90.8%) | |
| smokers | 29 (14.6%) | 12 (14.0%) | 7 (9.2%) | |
| alcohol intake | 0.533 | |||
| non-drinkers or abstainers | 168 (84.8%) | 72 (83.7%) | 68 (89.5%) | |
| drinkers | 30 (15.2%) | 14 (16.3%) | 8 (10.5%) | |
| use of computer | 0.024 * | |||
| >3 h/d | 28 (14.1%) | 15 (17.4%) | 12 (15.8%) | |
| <3 h/d | 39 (19.7%) | 25 (29.1%) | 28 (36.8%) c | |
| not applicable | 131 (66.2%) | 46 (53.5%) | 36 (47.4%) | |
| use of airconditioning | 0.277 | |||
| >3 h/d | 27 (13.6%) | 8 (9.3%) | 6 (7.9%) | |
| <3 h/d | 47 (23.7%) | 16 (18.6%) | 13 (17.1%) | |
| not applicable | 124 (62.6%) | 62 (72.1%) | 57 (75.0%) | |
| time of watching TV | 0.313 | |||
| >3 h/d | 97 (49.0%) | 45 (52.3%) | 30 (39.5%) | |
| <3 h/d | 92 (46.5%) | 34 (39.6%) | 41 (53.9%) | |
| not applicable | 9 (4.5%) | 7 (8.1%) | 5 (6.6%) |
*: P<0.05, †: P<0.01.
a: Cch VS DES & non-Cch has statistical significance.
b: DES & non-Cch VS the other two groups has statistical significance.
c: Normal control VS Cch has statistical significance.