Delivery of plasmid to inflamed small bowel in mouse model of Crohn's disease. A) contrast ultrasound images showing behavior of plasmid-bearing microbubbles targeted with a control antibody (top), or with antibodies to VCAM-1 (mid) or MAdCAM-1 (bottom). B) Time-intensity curves corresponding to images in panel A. Sustained retention of MAdCAM-1 or VCAM-1 targeted agents is appreciated, while the control agents wash out of the bowel within 5 minutes. 24 hours after treatment, in vivo biolumenescence imaging shows C) minimal luciferase is detectible in mice treated with control targeted microbubbles, but (D) significant expression in mice receiving MAdCAM-1 targeted agent. E) Ex vivo biolumenescence imaging shows luciferase expression confined to small bowel, with undetectible off-target signal on heart, liver, kidney, and spleen. Reprinted with permission from [47] with permission, Copyright, 2013, Elsevier B.V.