Table 1.
Comparative timeline of events in cardiovascular development expressed as days post fertilization.
| Zebrafish | Frog (NF stages) | Mouse | Chick (HH stages) | Human (Carnegie) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestation/Incubation period | 20 days | 21 days | 9 months | ||
| Linear heart tube | 1 | 1.67 (32) | 8 | 1.29 (9) | 28 (10) |
| First heartbeat | 1 | 1.83 (33) | 8 | 1.29 (9) | 28 (10) |
| Onset of blood flow | 1 | 1.83 (33) | 8.5 | 1.46 (10) | 29 (11) |
| Cardiac looping | 1–2 | 1.67–2.75 (32–40) | 8–10.5 | 1.46–4 (10–24) | 28–32 (10–13) |
| Onset of ventricular trabeculation | 2 | 3.17 (41) | 9.5 | 2.23 (16) | 29 (11) |
| Atrial septation | 3.83–4.42 (44-46) | 10–14.5 | 2.23–10 (16–36) | 30–46 (12–19) | |
| Ventricular septation | 9–14 | 2.42–8(17–34) | 30–46 (12–19) | ||
| Atrioventricular cushions form | 2 | 2.33 (39) | 10 | 2.23 (16) | 32 (13) |
| Outflow tract cushions form | 2.33 (39) | 10 | 3.23 (19) | 32 (13) |
The numbers in parentheses represents standardized stages, if applicable. Sissman, 1970; O'rahilly, 1971; O'rahilly et al., 1987; Nieuwkoop and Faber, 1994; Lohr and Yost, 2000; Isogai et al., 2001; Glickman and Yelon, 2002; Levine et al., 2003; Martinsen, 2005; Bruneau, 2008; Savolainen et al., 2009; O'rahilly and Muller, 2010; Al Naieb et al., 2012.