Table 2.
Dietary intake of university students as assessed by a food frequency questionnaire, in total study sample and by gender.
| Food category | Total N (%) | Males N (%) | Females N (%) | Chi-square | p-Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vegetables and salads | 31.85 | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 53 (1.8) | 28 (2.4) | 25 (1.4) | ||
| ≤2 times/week | 627 (20.8) | 293 (25.2) | 334 (18.0) | ||
| 3–6 times/week | 770 (25.6) | 298 (25.6) | 472 (25.5) | ||
| Daily | 1563 (51.9) | 543 (46.7) | 1020 (55.1) | ||
| Fruits | 17.62 | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 73 (2.4) | 37 (3.2) | 36 (2.0) | ||
| ≤2 times/week | 555 (18.5) | 240 (20.7) | 315 (17.1) | ||
| 3–6 times/week | 688 (22.9) | 282 (24.3) | 406 (22.0) | ||
| Daily | 1691 (56.2) | 602 (51.9) | 1089 (59.0) | ||
| Olive oil in food | 16.02 | 0.001 | |||
| Never | 87 (2.9) | 25 (2.2) | 62 (3.4) | ||
| ≤2 times/week | 601 (20.0) | 245 (21.1) | 356 (19.3) | ||
| 3–6 times/week | 761 (25.3) | 329 (28.3) | 432 (23.4) | ||
| Daily | 1560 (51.8) | 562 (48.4) | 998 (54.0) | ||
| Grains (lentils, peas.) | 15.80 | 0.001 | |||
| Never | 144 (4.8) | 57 (4.9) | 87 (4.7) | ||
| ≤2 times/week | 1424 (47.6) | 497 (43.1) | 927 (50.4) | ||
| 3–6 times/week | 1071 (35.8) | 445 (38.6) | 626 (34.0) | ||
| Daily | 354 (11.8) | 154 (13.4) | 200 (10.9) | ||
| Fish and seafood | 73.12 | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 305 (10.2) | 107 (9.3) | 198 (10.7) | ||
| ≤2 times/week | 2053 (68.6) | 718 (62.5) | 1335 (72.4) | ||
| 3–6 times/week | 449 (15.0) | 205 (17.9) | 244 (13.2) | ||
| Daily | 184 (6.2) | 118 (10.3) | 66 (3.6) | ||
| Meat, hotdog, ham | 99.62 | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 243 (8.1) | 155 (13.4) | 88 (4.8) | ||
| ≤2 times/week | 446 (14.9) | 191 (16.6) | 255 (13.9) | ||
| 3–6 times/week | 1259 (42.1) | 491 (42.6) | 768 (41.7) | ||
| Daily | 1046 (34.9) | 316 (27.4) | 730 (39.7) | ||
| White bread | 18.91 | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 222 (7.4) | 63 (5.5) | 159 (8.6) | ||
| ≤2 times/week | 300 (10.0) | 96 (8.3) | 204 (11.1) | ||
| 3–6 times/week | 263 (8.8) | 113 (9.8) | 150 (8.1) | ||
| Daily | 2210 (73.8) | 881 (76.4) | 1329 (72.1) | ||
| Brown bread | 23.05 | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 1545 (51.7) | 649 (56.4) | 896 (48.7) | ||
| ≤2 times/week | 643 (21.5) | 228 (19.8) | 415 (22.6) | ||
| 3–6 times/week | 241 (8.1) | 98 (8.5) | 143 (7.8) | ||
| Daily | 561 (18.8) | 176 (15.3) | 385 (20.9) | ||
| Rice and pasta | 19.81 | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 86 (2.9) | 42 (3.6) | 44 (2.4) | ||
| ≤2 times/week | 1619 (54.2) | 614 (53.3) | 1005 (54.7) | ||
| 3–6 times/week | 926 (31.0) | 326 (28.3) | 600 (62.6) | ||
| Daily | 358 (12.0) | 169 (14.7) | 189 (10.3) | ||
| Sweets (cake, ice cream, chocolate, etc) | 5.56 | 0.135 | |||
| Never | 72 (2.4) | 26 (2.3) | 46 (2.5) | ||
| ≤2 times/week | 876 (29.5) | 315 (27.5) | 561 (30.7) | ||
| 3–6 times/week | 758 (25.5) | 315 (27.5) | 443 (24.2) | ||
| Daily | 1267 (42.6) | 489 (42.7) | 778 (42.6) | ||
| Carbonated beverages | 49.42 | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 347 (11.7) | 103 (9.0) | 244 (13.4) | ||
| ≤2 times/week | 845 (28.5) | 268 (23.4) | 577 (31.6) | ||
| 3–6 times/week | 623 (21.0) | 257 (22.4) | 366 (20.1) | ||
| Daily | 1155 (38.9) | 518 (45.2) | 637 (34.9) | ||
| Fruit juices | 38.10 | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 321 (10.8) | 161 (14.0) | 160 (8.8) | ||
| ≤2 times/week | 1164 (39.1) | 391 (34.1) | 773 (42.3) | ||
| 3–6 times/week | 600 (20.2) | 216 (18.8) | 384 (21.0) | ||
| Daily | 890 (29.9) | 379 (33.0) | 511 (28.0) | ||
| Hot beverage (coffee, tea, nescafe, etc) | 4.68 | 0.196 | |||
| Never | 264 (8.9) | 100 (8.7) | 164 (9.0) | ||
| ≤2 times/week | 577 (19.4) | 245 (21.3) | 332 (18.2) | ||
| 3–6 times/week | 414 (13.9) | 160 (13.9) | 254 (13.9) | ||
| Daily | 1718 (57.8) | 643 (56.0) | 1075 (58.9) | ||
| Cooked vegetables | 18.60 | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 571 (19.2) | 265 (23.1) | 306 (16.7) | ||
| ≤2 times/week | 1431 (48.1) | 522 (45.5) | 909 (49.8) | ||
| 3–6 times/week | 646 (21.7) | 236 (20.6) | 410 (22.4) | ||
| Daily | 327 (11.0) | 125 (10.9) | 202 (11.1) | ||
| Fast food (hamburger, pizza, etc) | 99.43 | <0.001 | |||
| Never | 198 (6.7) | 57 (5.0) | 141 (7.7) | ||
| ≤2 times/week | 1742 (58.7) | 571 (49.9) | 1171 (64.2) | ||
| 3–6 times/week | 662 (22.3) | 312 (27.2) | 350 (19.2) | ||
| Daily | 367 (12.4) | 205 (17.9) | 162 (8.9) | ||
| Fried potatoes, chips | 7.00 | 0.072 | |||
| Never | 157 (5.3) | 62 (5.4) | 95 (5.2) | ||
| ≤2 times/week | 1094 (36.8) | 399 (34.7) | 695 (38.2) | ||
| 3–6 times/week | 836 (28.1) | 316 (27.5) | 520 (28.6) | ||
| Daily | 883 (29.7) | 372 (32.4) | 511 (28.1) |