Predicted relative risks of being a smoker versus never smoker by union status. The predicted relative risks are based on Model 4 in Table 2. The covariates in Model 4 were fixed to the following values to generate the predicted relative risks: male, Non-Hispanic white, U.S. born, mean age, northeastern U.S., year 1997, high school education, currently employed, not in poverty, has health insurance coverage, and the zero level of psychological distress