Table 1.
Prevalence of sarcopenia
| Reference | Date data collected | Country | M/F, n | Assessment method |
Age, years Mean (SD) [Range] |
Sarcopenia prevalence, % |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Muscle mass | Muscle strength | Physical performance | Total | Male | Female | |||||
| Community-dwelling populations | ||||||||||
| Abellan van Kan et al. [5] | Jan 1992–Jan 1994 | France | 0/3025 | DEXA | HS | GS | 80.51 (3.9) [≥75] |
5.2 | – | 5.2 |
| Landi et al. [6] | Oct 2003 | Italy | 66/131 | MAMC | HS | GS | 82.2 (1.4) [80–85] |
21.8 | 25.7 | 19.8 |
| Landi et al. [7] | Oct 2003 | Italy | 118/236 | MAMC | HS | GS | 85.8 (4.9) | 29.1 | 27.1 | 30.1 |
| Lee et al. [8] | – | Taiwan | 223/163 | DXA | HS, KE, PEF | SPPB, GS, TUG, or SCPT | 73.7 (5.6) | 7.8a 16.6b |
10.8a 14.9b |
3.7a 19.0b |
| Legrand et al. [9] | Nov 2008–Sep 2009 | Belgium | 103/185 | BIA | HS | mSPPB, GS | 84.8 (3.6) [>80] |
12.5 | 14.6 | 12.4 |
| Malmstrom et al. [10] | Sep 2000–Jul 2001 | USA (African Americans) | 124/195 | DEXA | – | GS | 59.2 (4.4) | 4.1 | – | – |
| McIntosh et al. [11] | – | Canada | 42/43 | BIA | HS | GS | 75.2 (5.7) | 6.0 | S: 5 SS: 0 |
S: 7 SS: 0 |
| Murphy et al. [12] | – | USA | 1426/1502 | DEXA | HS | GS | F: 73.5 (2.88) M: 73.8 (2.85) Total: [70–79] |
S: 5 | – | – |
| Patel et al. [13] | – | UKc | Cohort A: 103/0 Cohort B: 765/1022 |
DEXA, SFT | HS | GS, TUG, chair-rise time | (A): 72.5 (2.5) (B): M, 67.0 (2.6); F, 67.1 (2.6) |
(A): 6.8 (B): 7.8 |
4.6 | 7.9 |
| Patil et al. [14] | – | Finland | 0/409 | DEXA | HS | GS, SPPB, TUG | 74.2 (3.0) [70–80] |
0.9 | – | 0.9 |
| Sanada et al. [15] | – | Japan | 0/533 | DEXA | HS, LEP | Sit and reach, VO2max | <39: 11.4% <49: 21.2% <59: 25.9% <69: 29.8% <85: 11.6% [30–84] |
24.2 | – | 24.2 |
| Tanimoto et al. [16] | May–Jun 2007, 2008, 2009 | Japan | 364/794 | BIA | HS | GS | M: 74.4 (6.4) F: 73.9 (6.3) [≥65] |
– | 11.3 | 10.7 |
| Verschueren et al. [17] | – | Belgium, UK | 679/0 | DEXA | HS, KE | GS | 59.6 (10.7) [40–79] |
S: 3.7 SS: 0 |
– | – |
| Volpato et al. [18] | 2004–2006 | Italy | 250/288 | BIA | HS | GS | 77.1 (5.5) [65–97] |
10.2 | 2.6 | 6.7 |
| Yamada et al. [19] | – | Japan | 568/1314 | BIA | HS | GS | 74.9 (5.5) [65–89] |
– | 21.8 | 22.1 |
| Institutional dwelling | ||||||||||
| Bastiaanse et al. [20] | – | Netherlands | 450/434 | CC | HS | GS | 50–59: 46.5% 60–69: 35.2% 70–79: 16.2% ≥80: 2.1% [≥50] |
All: 14.3 50–64: 12.7 ≥65: 17.4 |
– | – |
| Landi et al. [21] | Aug–Sep 2010 | Italy | 31/91 | BIA | HS | GS | 84.1 (4.8) [≥70] |
32.8 | 67.7 | 20.8* |
| Acute hospital care | ||||||||||
| Gariballa and Alessa [22] | – | UK | 227/205 | MAMC | HS | – | [≥65] | 10.2 | – | – |
ALM, appendicular lean mass; BIA, bioelectrical impedance analysis; CC, calf circumference; DEXA, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry; F, female; GS, gait speed; HS, hand-grip strength using a dynamometer; KE, knee extensor; LEP, leg extension power; M, male; MAMC, mid-arm muscle circumference; PEF, peak expiratory flow; S, sarcopenia; SCPT, stair-climb power test; SD, standard deviation; SFT, skin-fold thickness; (m)SPPB, (modified) standard physical performance battery; SS, severe sarcopenia; TUG, timed-up-and-go; VO2max, maximal oxygen uptake.
aBy relative appendicular skeletal muscle index.
bBy percentage skeletal muscle index.
cConsists of two cohorts (Cohort A: detailed data were collected. Cohort B: same data were collected, but no DEXA).
P < 0.001 versus females.