Table 1.

Protein Quality Control Compartments in Eukaryotic Cells

PQC compartment	Conditions of appearance	Substrates	Cellular localization	Sorting factors/ associated proteins	Solubility	Cytoskeleton dependency	References
Q-body	mild-severe heat stress; no proteasome inhibition	soluble, misfolded proteins	cortical ER	Hsp42, Hsp104, Hsp70, Hsp90, Hsp110, Ydj1/Hlj1	soluble	no	[10]
JUNQ	severe heat stress; proteasome inhibition	soluble, ubiquitylated, misfolded proteins	juxtanuclear, perinuclear ER	Sis1, Btn2, Hsp70 proteasome	soluble	yes, actin	[14–15,21]
IPOD	normal growth conditions; no proteasome inhibition	amyloid proteins	perivacuolar	Hsp42, Btn2 (not for prions)	insoluble	debated, actin	[14–15,21]
Aggresome	proteasome inhibition	ubiquitylated, misfolded proteins	MTOC/SPB	Hsc70, Hsp40; HDAC6, parkin, ataxin-3, ubiquilin-1	Insoluble (& soluble?)	yes, microtubule	[19]
ALIS	wide range of stress conditions	ubiquitylated, misfolded proteins	peripheral and juxtanuclear	ubiquitin; Atg8	soluble	yes, microtubule and actin	[22]
ERAC/ERQC	genetic mutations that induce misfolding	misfolded membrane proteins/ERAD substrates	ER	Kar2p	soluble	no	[30]