Mitochondrial Respiratory Chain |
O2• -OH•
|
Oxidized lipids, proteins, nucleic acids, and autoxidation byproducts. |
Inflammatory Macrophage Membraneous NAD(P)H Oxidase |
O2• OH• H2O2
|
Advanced Lipoxidation Endproducts (ALE) Ortho o-tyrosine Meta m- tyrosine |
Granular Myeloperoxidase (MPO) |
Hypochlorous Acid HOCL (bleach) •Tyr NO2•
|
3-Chlorotyrosine di-Tyrosine NO2-Tyrosine (Nitrotyrosine) |
Macrophage Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Inducible (iNOS) Large bursts uncontrolled |
ONOO' |
NO2-Tyr (Nitrotyrosine) |
Endothelial Cell |
|
|
Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) Constitutive (cNOS) eNOS → NO nNOS → NO Small bursts (puffs) controlled |
NO + O2• → ONOO' ONOO' |
NO2-Tyr (Nitrotyrosine) NO2-Tyr |
eNOS derived NO |
NO: the GOOD |
Natural Occurring, Local Occurring, Chain Breaking Antioxidant |
Superoxide |
O2.: the BAD |
|
Peroxynitrite |
ONOO• : the UGLY |
|
Hypochlorous acid |
HCLO : the UGLY |
|
Restoration of endothelial derived NITRIC OXIDE Via the eNOS reaction.. |
ANTIOXIDANT ANTIREDOXIDANT → → → |
Prevention of the devastating effects of ROS. |