Table 1.

Main breast cancer TAAs

Target	Description
Carcinoembryonic antigen	Glycoprotein involved in cell adhesion, normally expressed during fetal development
Human epithelial growth factor receptor 2	Growth factor receptor belonging to human epithelial growth factor receptor family Overexpressed in 20%–30% of breast cancer cells, correlates with adverse prognosis
MUC-1	Membrane glycoprotein involved in immunologic and cell signaling functions Overexpressed in 70% of breast cancers
hTERT	Component of the telomerase complex, a ribonucleoprotein that maintain chromosome integrity during cell proliferation and division
p53	Tumor suppressor protein, involved in cell cycle regulation and DNA damage repair Mutated in 20% of breast cancers
Mammaglobin-A	Glycoprotein overexpressed in 80% of metastatic breast cancers
Cancer testis antigens (NY-eso-1, MAGE, BAGE, and GAGE)	Proteins expressed in normal germ cells of the testis and embryonic ovaries and in certain types of cancer

Abbreviations: TAAs, tumor-associated antigens; hTERT, telomerase reverse transcriptase; MUC-1, mucin-1.