Table 1. Demographic characteristics, trauma exposure related to the Great East Japan Earthquake, other trauma events before the earthquake, and clinically significant behavior problems among young children in the affected area 2 years after the earthquake (N = 170).
| Characteristics | n or Mean | % or SD | |
| Mean child age in years | 7.1 | 1.0 | |
| Child age group | 5 years | 23 | 13.5 |
| 6 years | 64 | 37.7 | |
| 7 years | 38 | 22.4 | |
| 8 years | 45 | 26.5 | |
| Child sex | Boys | 84 | 49.4 |
| Girls | 86 | 50.6 | |
| Number of siblings | No sibling | 37 | 21.8 |
| 1 sibling | 83 | 48.8 | |
| 2+ siblings | 48 | 28.2 | |
| Missing | 2 | 1.2 | |
| Mean caregiver age in years | 36.3 | 6.2 | |
| Caregiver's education | High school or less | 79 | 46.5 |
| Some college | 69 | 40.6 | |
| College+ | 20 | 11.8 | |
| Missing | 2 | 1.2 | |
| Father's occupation before earthquake | Manual/Other/Unemployed | 88 | 51.8 |
| Non-manual | 38 | 22.4 | |
| No response | 44 | 25.9 | |
| Exposure to trauma events related to the Great East Japan Earthquake | Home lost or completely damaged | 45 | 26.5 |
| Home partially damaged | 43 | 25.3 | |
| Stayed at shelter | 50 | 29.4 | |
| Lived in temporary housing | 34 | 20.0 | |
| Evacuated to relative's house | 96 | 56.5 | |
| Family members lived in separate places | 53 | 31.2 | |
| Separation from caregiver | 54 | 31.8 | |
| Lost close family member or relative | 11 | 6.5 | |
| Lost distant relative or friend | 21 | 12.4 | |
| Witnessed tsunami waves | 63 | 37.1 | |
| Witnessed someone being swept away by tsunami | 11 | 6.5 | |
| Witnessed a fire | 30 | 17.7 | |
| Saw a dead body | 3 | 1.8 | |
| Heard the sound of nuclear power plant explosion | 3 | 1.8 | |
| Experienced restrictions on lifestyle due to radiation | 32 | 18.8 | |
| Any of these events | 157 | 92.4 | |
| Number of these events | 3.23 | 1.94 | |
| Exposure to other trauma events before the Great East Japan Earthquake | Involvement in a serious accident | 5 | 2.9 |
| Witnessed a serious accident | 0 | 0 | |
| Attacked by a dog or other animals | 0 | 0 | |
| Had a close friend or family member who had a serious illness | 28 | 16.5 | |
| Death of a close friend or family member | 33 | 19.4 | |
| Visited hospital due to serious disease or injury, or underwent a serious medical procedure, or admitted to hospital | 15 | 8.8 | |
| Separated from a caregiver | 27 | 15.9 | |
| Experienced sexual assault | 0 | 0 | |
| Experienced other criminal assault | 3 | 1.8 | |
| Bullied by peers at preschool or in the neighborhood | 3 | 1.8 | |
| Experienced violence from a close friend or family member | 2 | 1.2 | |
| Witnessed a violent incident involving a close friend or family member | 5 | 2.9 | |
| Had a close friend or family member who attempted suicide | 2 | 1.2 | |
| Experienced a previous natural disaster | 1 | 0.6 | |
| Other stressful events | 5 | 2.9 | |
| Any of these events | 78 | 45.9 | |
| Number of these events | 0.74 | 0.98 | |
| CBCL clinically significant behavior problems | Internalizing problems | 47 | 27.7 |
| Externalizing problems | 36 | 21.2 | |
| Total problems | 44 | 25.9 |
CBCL: Child Behavior Checklist.