Table 2. Bivariate and multivariate analyses of CBCL clinically significant internalizing behavior problems among young children 2 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake (N = 170).
| CBCL clinically significant internalizing behavior problems | ||||||||||
| n | % | Bivariate RR | 95% CI | Multivariate RR | 95% CI | |||||
| Demographics | Child age group | 5–6 y | 19 | 21.8 | reference | |||||
| 7–8 y | 28 | 33.7 | 1.54 | (0.86–2.77) | ||||||
| Child sex | Boy | 28 | 33.3 | reference | ||||||
| Girl | 19 | 22.1 | 0.66 | (0.37–1.19) | ||||||
| Number of siblings | No sibling | 8 | 21.6 | reference | ||||||
| 1 sibling | 26 | 31.3 | 1.45 | (0.66–3.20) | ||||||
| 2+ siblings | 12 | 25.0 | 1.16 | (0.47–2.83) | ||||||
| Caregiver age group | 36 or less | 28 | 28.6 | reference | ||||||
| 37+ | 19 | 26.4 | 0.92 | (0.52–1.65) | ||||||
| Education | High school or less | 18 | 22.8 | reference | ||||||
| Some college+ | 29 | 32.6 | 1.43 | (0.79–2.58) | ||||||
| Father's occupation before earthquake | Manual/Other/Unemployed | 19 | 21.6 | reference | ||||||
| Non-manual | 12 | 31.6 | 1.46 | (0.71–3.01) | ||||||
| No response | 16 | 36.4 | 1.68 | (0.87–3.28) | ||||||
| Traumatic experience | Status of home | Lost or completely damaged | 13 | 28.9 | 0.99 | (0.50–1.94) | ||||
| Partially damaged | 10 | 23.3 | 0.79 | (0.38–1.66) | ||||||
| Not damaged | 24 | 29.3 | reference | |||||||
| Stayed at shelter | Yes | 17 | 34.0 | 1.50 | (0.81–2.77) | |||||
| No | 25 | 22.7 | reference | |||||||
| Lived in temporary housing | Yes | 10 | 29.4 | 1.15 | (0.57–2.33) | |||||
| No | 33 | 25.6 | reference | |||||||
| Evacuated to relative's house | Yes | 22 | 22.9 | 0.70 | (0.39–1.26) | |||||
| No | 22 | 32.8 | reference | |||||||
| Family members living in separate places | Yes | 14 | 26.4 | 1.41 | (0.76–2.62) | |||||
| No | 30 | 27.5 | reference | |||||||
| Separation from caregiver | Yes | 17 | 31.5 | 1.24 | (0.65–2.37) | |||||
| No | 20 | 25.3 | reference | |||||||
| Lost close family member or relative | Yes | 2 | 18.2 | 0.63 | (0.15–2.62) | |||||
| No | 31 | 29.0 | reference | |||||||
| Lost distant relative or friend | Yes | 10 | 47.6 | 2.36 | (1.10–5.07) | 2.22 | (1.03–4.78) | |||
| No | 19 | 20.2 | reference | reference | ||||||
| Witnessed tsunami waves | Yes | 17 | 27.0 | 0.97 | (0.51–1.82) | |||||
| No | 22 | 27.9 | reference | |||||||
| Witnessed someone being swept away by tsunami | Yes | 4 | 36.4 | 1.36 | (0.48–3.83) | |||||
| No | 35 | 26.7 | reference | |||||||
| Witnessed a fire | Yes | 9 | 30.0 | 1.10 | (0.52–2.32) | |||||
| No | 30 | 27.3 | reference | |||||||
| Saw a dead body | Yes | 2 | 66.7 | 2.41 | (0.58–10.02) | |||||
| No | 37 | 27.6 | reference | |||||||
| Heard the sound of nuclear power plant explosion | Yes | 0 | 0.0 | NA | ||||||
| No | 31 | 25.6 | ||||||||
| Experienced restrictions on lifestyle due to radiation | Yes | 8 | 25.0 | 0.99 | (0.44–2.23) | |||||
| No | 21 | 25.3 | reference | |||||||
| Exposure to any trauma events or other trauma before the earthquake | Yes | 31 | 39.7 | 2.29 | (1.25–4.18) | 2.22 | (1.22–4.07) | |||
| No | 16 | 17.4 | reference | |||||||
CBCL: Child Behavior Checklist.
RR: rate ratio.